Table 3.
Parameter | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Fixed Effect | ||||||||
Constant | 0.06 | [0.06–0.08]∗ | 0.13 | [0.10–0.16]∗ | 0.01 | [0.01–0.02]∗ | 0.00 | [0.00–0.01]∗ |
Model 1: SES factors | ||||||||
Wealth (Ref: Lowest) | ||||||||
Second | 1.04 | [0.90–1.20] | 1.03 | [0.89–1.18] | 1.07 | [0.92–1.23] | 1.03 | [0.89–1.19] |
Middle | 1.00 | [0.86–1.15] | 0.98 | [0.85–1.13] | 1.06 | [0.91–1.23] | 1.02 | [0.88–1.18] |
Fourth | 1.02 | [0.88–1.18] | 1.00 | [0.86–1.16] | 1.08 | [0.93–1.26] | 1.04 | [0.89–1.21] |
Highest | 1.05 | [0.90–1.22] | 1.06 | [0.91–1.24] | 1.18 | [1.00–1.38] | 1.13 | [0.96–1.33] |
Education (Ref: No education) | ||||||||
Incomplete primary | 0.91 | [0.80–1.04] | 0.87 | [0.76–0.99]∗ | 1.23 | [1.08–1.41]∗ | 1.12 | [0.97–1.28] |
Complete primary | 1.00 | [0.86–1.18] | 0.92 | [0.78–1.08] | 1.31 | [1.11–1.54]∗ | 1.16 | [0.98–1.37] |
Incomplete secondary | 0.67 | [0.57–0.78]∗ | 0.58 | [0.49–0.68]∗ | 1.09 | [0.92–1.29] | 0.95 | [0.80–1.12] |
Complete secondary & higher | 0.54 | [0.43–0.68]∗ | 0.43 | [0.34–0.55]∗ | 0.69 | [0.54–0.89]∗ | 0.61 | [0.48–0.79]∗ |
Missing | 1.20 | [0.34–4.23] | 1.22 | [0.35–4.27] | 1.83 | [0.51–6.60] | 1.71 | [0.47–6.15] |
Model 2: Other SES factors | ||||||||
Place of residence (Ref: Urban) | ||||||||
Rural | 0.51 | [0.43–0.59]∗ | 0.52 | [0.45–0.61]∗ | 0.60 | [0.52–0.70]∗ | ||
Ethnicity (Ref: Baganda) | ||||||||
Banyankole/Bakiga | 1.13 | [0.95–1.34] | 1.17 | [0.98–1.39] | 1.42 | [1.19–1.68]∗ | ||
Iteso/Karimojong | 0.67 | [0.54–0.84]∗ | 0.74 | [0.59–0.93]∗ | 0.85 | [0.68–1.06] | ||
Lubgbara/Madi | 0.45 | [0.35–0.60]∗ | 0.47 | [0.36–0.62]∗ | 0.60 | [0.46–0.79]∗ | ||
Basoga | 0.77 | [0.62–0.95]∗ | 0.78 | [0.63–0.97]∗ | 0.76 | [0.61–0.94]∗ | ||
Langi/Acholi | 1.13 | [0.92–1.39] | 1.22 | [0.99–1.50] | 1.42 | [1.16–1.75]∗ | ||
Bagisu/Sabiny | 0.75 | [0.57–0.98]∗ | 0.80 | [0.61–1.04] | 0.73 | [0.56–0.95]∗ | ||
Alur/Japadhola | 0.72 | [0.56–0.94]∗ | 0.80 | [0.62–1.05] | 0.84 | [0.64–1.09] | ||
Banyoro/Batoro | 1.28 | [1.04–1.58] | 1.35 | [1.09–1.66]∗ | 1.33 | [1.08–1.63]∗ | ||
All others | 0.82 | [0.69–0.98]∗ | 0.86 | [0.72–1.04] | 0.95 | [0.79–1.14] | ||
Time in years (Ref: 2005-05) | ||||||||
UG6 | 1.22 | [1.08–1.38]∗ | 1.23 | [1.08–1.39]∗ | 1.22 | [1.08–1.37]∗ | ||
Model 3: socio-demographics | ||||||||
Age of respondent (Ref: 15 years) | ||||||||
Age 16 | 0.94 | [0.50–1.75] | 0.86 | [0.46–1.61] | ||||
Age 17 | 1.04 | [0.57–1.90] | 0.88 | [0.48–1.64] | ||||
Age 18 | 1.66 | [0.97–2.84] | 1.24 | [0.70–2.18] | ||||
Age 19 | 1.85 | [1.07–3.19]∗ | 1.33 | [0.74–2.37] | ||||
Age 20 | 1.89 | [1.11–3.22]∗ | 1.27 | [0.72–2.24] | ||||
Age 21 | 2.95 | [1.74–5.01]∗ | 1.86 | [1.05–3.30]∗ | ||||
Age 22 | 2.74 | [1.63–4.63]∗ | 1.75 | [1.00–3.08]∗ | ||||
Age 23 | 2.84 | [1.67–4.83]∗ | 1.75 | [0.98–3.11] | ||||
Age 24 | 2.51 | [1.48–4.26]∗ | 1.51 | [0.85–2.67] | ||||
Age 25 | 2.90 | [1.73–4.86]∗ | 1.73 | [0.99–3.02] | ||||
Age 26 | 3.36 | [1.97–5.71]∗ | 1.98 | [1.12–3.51]∗ | ||||
Age 27 | 3.33 | [1.96–5.65]∗ | 1.89 | [1.07–3.35]∗ | ||||
Age 28 | 3.81 | [2.28–6.35]∗ | 2.24 | [1.29–3.90]∗ | ||||
Age 29 | 5.01 | [2.98–8.42]∗ | 2.80 | [1.60–4.92]∗ | ||||
Age 30 | 4.41 | [2.66–7.29]∗ | 2.55 | [1.48–4.41]∗ | ||||
Age 31 | 4.60 | [2.72–7.77]∗ | 2.45 | [1.39–4.33]∗ | ||||
Age 32 | 4.73 | [2.83–7.92]∗ | 2.67 | [1.53–4.66]∗ | ||||
Age 33 | 5.91 | [3.49–9.99]∗ | 3.20 | [1.81–5.64]∗ | ||||
Age 34 | 4.96 | [2.91–8.43]∗ | 2.76 | [1.56–4.89]∗ | ||||
Age 35 | 4.90 | [2.94–8.17]∗ | 2.64 | [1.52–4.60]∗ | ||||
Age 36 | 4.29 | [2.51–7.33]∗ | 2.33 | [1.31–4.15]∗ | ||||
Age 37 | 5.37 | [3.15–9.15]∗ | 2.93 | [1.65–5.22]∗ | ||||
Age 38 | 4.29 | [2.54–7.25]∗ | 2.25 | [1.27–3.96]∗ | ||||
Age 39 | 5.37 | [3.13–9.23]∗ | 2.84 | [1.59–5.08]∗ | ||||
Age 40 | 3.96 | [2.35–6.67]∗ | 2.17 | [1.24–3.82]∗ | ||||
Age 41 | 5.26 | [3.05–9.07]∗ | 2.79 | [1.55–5.01]∗ | ||||
Age 42 | 4.21 | [2.45–7.21]∗ | 2.14 | [1.20–3.83]∗ | ||||
Age 43 | 4.64 | [2.58–8.34]∗ | 2.38 | [1.28–4.46]∗ | ||||
Age 44 | 4.57 | [2.58–8.10]∗ | 2.38 | [1.29–4.38]∗ | ||||
Age 45 | 3.66 | [2.13–6.27]∗ | 1.82 | [1.02–3.25]∗ | ||||
Age 46 | 3.26 | [1.80–5.89]∗ | 1.64 | [0.88–3.08] | ||||
Age 47 | 3.57 | [1.97–6.45]∗ | 1.84 | [0.98–3.46] | ||||
Age 48 | 3.18 | [1.80–5.63]∗ | 1.60 | [0.87–2.96] | ||||
Age 49 | 4.62 | [2.57–8.30]∗ | 2.34 | [1.25–4.37]∗ | ||||
Age 50 | 1.69 | [0.92–3.11] | 0.85 | [0.44–1.62] | ||||
Age 51 | 2.87 | [1.52–5.39]∗ | 1.44 | [0.74–2.81] | ||||
Age 52 | 3.03 | [1.67–5.51]∗ | 1.54 | [0.82–2.92] | ||||
Age 53 | 2.75 | [1.39–5.47]∗ | 1.41 | [0.69–2.90] | ||||
Age 54 | 2.07 | [1.06–4.04]∗ | 1.11 | [0.55–2.24] | ||||
Age 55 | 1.50 | [0.72–3.11] | 0.77 | [0.36–1.65] | ||||
Age 56 | 1.67 | [0.82–3.43] | 0.81 | [0.38–1.72] | ||||
Age 57 | 2.20 | [1.06–4.58]∗ | 1.13 | [0.53–2.44] | ||||
Age 58 | 1.93 | [0.95–3.92] | 0.99 | [0.47–2.09] | ||||
Age 59 | 1.51 | [0.66–3.47] | 0.74 | [0.31–1.75] | ||||
Marital status (Ref: Never) | ||||||||
Married/living together | 1.65 | [1.36–2.00]∗ | 2.00 | [1.61–2.47]∗ | ||||
Widowed | 8.12 | [6.39–10.31]∗ | 7.18 | [5.61–9.19]∗ | ||||
Divorced/separated | 3.74 | [3.02–4.63]∗ | 3.22 | [2.58–4.02]∗ | ||||
Sex of respondent (Ref: Men) | ||||||||
Women | 1.16 | [1.05–1.27]∗ | 1.73 | [1.55–1.93]∗ | ||||
Model 4: Sexual Practices | ||||||||
Drunk alcohol (Ref: No) | ||||||||
Drunk | 1.23 | [1.10–1.37]∗ | ||||||
Not applicable | 0.26 | [0.01–4.89] | ||||||
Used condom (Ref: No) | ||||||||
Used condom | 2.34 | [2.02–2.71]∗ | ||||||
Not applicable | 6.22 | [0.34–115.28] | ||||||
Sexual partners (Ref: 1 partner) | ||||||||
2–4 partners | 2.08 | [1.82–2.38]∗ | ||||||
>4 partners | 3.76 | [3.19–4.42]∗ | ||||||
Not applicable | 0.99 | [0.68–1.44] | ||||||
HIV/AIDS Knowledge (Ref: No) | ||||||||
Lowest knowledge | 1.12 | [0.79–1.58] | ||||||
Medium knowledge | 1.11 | [0.82–1.52] | ||||||
Highest knowledge | 1.38 | [1.02–1.87]∗ | ||||||
Random Effects | ||||||||
Cluster variance | 0.566 | 0.049∗ | 0.385 | 0.039∗ | 0.365 | 0.039∗ | 0.318 | 0.036∗ |
Units: Cluster | 887 | 887 | 887 | 887 | ||||
Units: Individual | 39766 | 39766 | 39766 | 39766 | ||||
Estimation: | IGLS (MQL1) | IGLS (PQL2) | IGLS (PQL2) | IGLS (PQL2) |
OR: odds ratios; 95% CI: confidence intervals. ∗Statistical significance at 5% level, P < 0.05.