Table 1.
Countries and Demographic and Health Surveys included in the analysis for 29 sub-Saharan African countries
| Country | Earliest Survey | Latest Survey | Observation timea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Africa (n = 12) | |||
| Benin | 1996 | 2011–2012 | 16 |
| Burkina Faso | 1993 | 2010 | 17 |
| Cote d’Ivoire | 1994 | 2011–12 | 18 |
| Ghana | 1993 | 2014 | 21 |
| Guinea | 1999 | 2012 | 13 |
| Liberia | 2007 | 2013 | 6 |
| Mali | 1995–96 | 2012–13 | 17 |
| Niger | 1998 | 2012 | 14 |
| Nigeria | 1990 | 2013 | 23 |
| Senegal | 1997 | 2014 | 17 |
| Sierra Leone | 2008 | 2013 | 5 |
| Togo | 1998 | 2013–14 | 16 |
| Middle Africa (n = 4) | |||
| Cameroon | 1991 | 2011 | 20 |
| Congo (Brazzaville) | 2005 | 2011–12 | 7 |
| Congo Democratic Republic | 2007 | 2013–14 | 7 |
| Gabon | 2000 | 2012 | 12 |
| Eastern Africa (n = 11) | |||
| Comoros | 1996 | 2012 | 16 |
| Ethiopia | 2000 | 2011 | 11 |
| Kenya | 1993 | 2014 | 21 |
| Madagascar | 1997 | 2008–09 | 12 |
| Malawi | 1992 | 2010 | 18 |
| Mozambique | 1997 | 2011 | 14 |
| Rwanda | 1992 | 2010 | 18 |
| Tanzania | 1996 | 2010 | 14 |
| Uganda | 1995 | 2011 | 16 |
| Zambia | 1996 | 2013–14 | 18 |
| Zimbabwe | 1994 | 2010–2011 | 17 |
| Southern Africa (n = 2) | |||
| Lesotho | 2004 | 2014 | 10 |
| Namibia | 1992 | 2013 | 21 |
| Summary statistics | |||
| Minimum observation time (years) | 5 | ||
| Maximum observation time (years) | 23 | ||
| Mean observation time (years) | 15 | ||
| Standard deviation | 4.7 | ||
| Lower and upper quartiles (years) | [6, 20] | ||
Notes: aObservation time calculated based on the upper bound of the year. For example, the 2010–2011 year uses 2011 as the end point. Latest surveys defined as those from 2010 with the exception of Madagascar (2008–09)
Source: [22]