Table 2.
Baseline characteristics by each grade of SBP and DBP in older patients with CKD and without CKD.
| Total |
SBP (mmHg) |
DBP (mmHg) |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-CKD subjects† |
Patients with CKD |
Non-CKD subjects |
Patients with CKD |
Non-CKD subjects |
Patients with CKD |
|||||||||
| <130 |
130–159†† |
≥160 |
< 130 |
130–159 |
≥160 |
<80 |
80–89††† |
≥90 |
<80 |
80–89 |
≥90 |
|||
| n = 610 | n = 468 | n = 246 | n = 335 | n = 29 | n = 203 | n = 240 | n = 25 | n = 330 | n = 227 | n = 53 | n = 253 | n = 156 | n = 59 | |
| Demographics | ||||||||||||||
| Age(years) | 72.8 ± 5.7 | 74.3 ± 6.5*** | 71.6 ± 5.4*** | 73.5 ± 5.7 | 74.9 ± 6.8 | 73.5 ± 6.7 | 75.0 ± 6.4** | 75.0 ± 5.7 | 72.6 ± 6.1 | 72.9 ± 5.6 | 72.7 ± 6.0 | 75.1 ± 6.9 | 74.3 ± 6.7 | 73.3 ± 5.0 |
| Age ≥75 years, n (%) | 224(36.7%) | 216(46.2%)** | 67(27.2%)*** | 143(42.7%) | 14(48.3%) | 79(38.9%) | 124(51.7%)* | 13(52.0%) | 35(35.0%) | 169(37.0%) | 20(37.7%) | 42(46.2%) | 149(46.9%) | 25(42.4%) |
| Male, n (%) | 233(38.2%) | 191(40.8%) | 100(40.7%) | 122(36.4%) | 11(37.9%) | 87(42.9%)# | 94(39.2%) | 10(40.0%) | 34(34.0%) | 183(40.0%) | 16(30.2%)# | 38(41.8%) | 127(39.9%) | 26(44.1%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 3.0 | 23.2 ± 3.4** | 22.1 ± 3.0** | 22.9 ± 2.9 | 23.6 ± 3.6 | 22.8 ± 3.3 | 23.5 ± 3.4* | 23.7 ± 3.3 | 21.8 ± 3.1** | 22.7 ± 3.0 | 23.1 ± 2.8 | 22.3 ± 3.5** | 23.2 ± 3.2 | 24.4 ± 3.5* |
| Living alone, n (%) | 111(18.2%) | 79(16.9%) | 47(19.1%) | 57(17.0%) | 7(24.1%) | 25(12.3%)# | 53(22.1%)# | 1(4.0%)# | 24(24.0%)# | 78(17.1%) | 9(17.0%) | 11(12.1%)# | 61(19.2%) | 7(11.9%) |
| Complications | ||||||||||||||
| eGFR < 60 ml//min, n (%) | 0(0%) | 380(81.2%)*** | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 175(86.2%)*** | 189(78.9%)*** | 16(64.0%)*** | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 210(83.0%)*** | 124(79.5%)*** | 46(78.0%)*** |
| Clinical proteinuria, n (%) | 0(0%) | 158(33.8%)*** | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 55(27.1%)*** | 89(37.1%)*** | 14(56.1%)*** | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 75(29.6%)*** | 63(40.4%)*** | 20(33.9%)*** |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 109(17.9%) | 125(26.7%)*** | 40(16.3%) | 64(19.1%) | 5(17.2%) | 51(25.1%)# | 68(28.3%)** | 6(24.0%) | 69(20.9%)# | 34(15.0%) | 6(11.3%) | 71(28.1%)** | 39(25.0%)* | 15(25.4%)# |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 365(59.8%) | 308(65.8%) | 76(30.9%)*** | 260(77.6%) | 29(100.0%)** | 98(48.3%)*** | 185(77.1%) | 25(100.0%)** | 159(48.2%)*** | 153(67.4%) | 53(100.0%)*** | 143(56.5%)* | 106(67.9%) | 59(100.0%)*** |
| With antihypertensives, n (%) | 303(49.7%) | 267(57.1%)* | 75(30.5%)*** | 207(61.8%) | 21(72.4%) | 97(47.8%)** | 148(61.7%) | 22(88.0%)** | 149(45.2%)# | 117(51.5%) | 37(69.8%)* | 134(53.0%) | 92(59.0%) | 41(69.5%)* |
| Hyperuricaemia, n (%) | 27(4.4%) | 73(15.6%)*** | 8(3.3%) | 16(4.8%) | 3(10.3%)# | 31(15.3%)*** | 36(15.0%)*** | 6(24.0%)** | 14(4.2%) | 10(4.4%) | 3(5.7%) | 35(13.8%)*** | 28(17.9%)*** | 10(16.9%)** |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 357(58.5%) | 283(60.5%) | 143(58.1%) | 195(58.2%) | 19(65.5%) | 121(59.6%) | 145(60.4%) | 17(68.0%) | 190(57.6%) | 135(59.5%) | 32(60.4%) | 154(60.9%) | 96(61.5%) | 33(55.9%) |
| Hypoalbuminaemia: n (%) | 26(4.3%) | 25(5.3%) | 10(4.1%) | 14(4.2%) | 2(7.1%) | 11(5.4%) | 13(5.4%) | 1(4.0%) | 14(4.2%) | 11(4.9%) | 1(1.9%) | 18(7.1%) | 5(3.2%) | 2(3.4%) |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 28(4.6%) | 27(6.0%) | 7(2.8%)# | 18(5.4%) | 3(10.3%)# | 15(7.4%) | 12(5.0%) | 0(0%) | 9(2.7%)* | 15(6.6%) | 4(7.5%) | 13(5.1%) | 11(7.1%) | 3(5.1%) |
| History of heart disease, n (%) | 66(10.8%) | 69(14.8%)# | 24(9.8%) | 41(12.2%) | 1(3.4%) | 33(16.3%)# | 34(14.2%) | 2(8.0%) | 36(10.9%) | 24(10.6%) | 6(11.3%) | 41(16.2%)# | 20(12.8%) | 8(13.6%) |
| Outcomes | ||||||||||||||
| Death, n (%) | 22(3.6%) | 31(6.6%)* | 8(3.3%) | 13(3.9%) | 1(3.4%) | 10(4.9%) | 17(7.1%)# | 4(16.0%)* | 12(3.6%) | 9(4.0%) | 1(1.9%) | 15(5.9%) | 12(7.7%)# | 4(6.8%) |
| Care-needs certification, n (%) | 64(10.5%) | 71(15.2%)* | 18(7.3%)# | 41(12.2%) | 5(17.2%)# | 38(18.7%)* | 29(12.1%) | 4(16.0%) | 37(11.2%) | 18(7.9%) | 9(17.0%)* | 40(15.8%)** | 26(16.7%)** | 5(8.5%) |
| Certification for arthralgia/fractures, n (%) | 27(4.4%) | 23(4.9%) | 7(2.8%)# | 17(5.1%) | 3(10.3%)# | 9(4.4%) | 11(4.6%) | 3(12.0%)# | 13(3.9%) | 9(4.0%) | 5(9.4%)# | 12(4.7%) | 8(5.1%) | 3(5.1%) |
| Certification for dementia, n (%) | 14(2.3%) | 18(3.8%)# | 3(1.2%) | 10(3.0%) | 1(3.4%) | 13(6.4%)# | 4(1.7%) | 1(4.0%) | 8(2.4%) | 4(1.8%) | 2(3.8%) | 11(4.3%)# | 7(4.5%)# | 0(0%)# |
| Certification for stroke, n (%) | 6(1.0%) | 9(1.9%)# | 1(0.4%) | 5(1.5%) | 0(0%) | 3(1.5%) | 6(2.5%)# | 0(0%) | 3(0.9%) | 1(0.4%) | 2(3.8%)# | 4(1.6%) | 4(2.6%)# | 1(1.7%) |
| Certification for other diseases, n (%) | 17(2.8%) | 21(4.5%)# | 7(2.8%) | 9(2.7%) | 1(3.4%) | 13(6.4%)* | 8(3.3%) | 0(0%) | 13(3.9%) | 4(1.8%) | 0(0%) | 13(5.1%)# | 7(4.5%)# | 1(1.7%) |
Results are expressed as mean ± S.D or n (%). CKD, chronic kidney disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. Mann–Whitney U analysis or χ2 analysis (or Fisher’s exact test when needed) was used. #P < 0.20; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 compared with control groups of †total non-CKD subjects, ††non-CKD subjects with SBP of 130–159 mmHg, and †††non-CKD subjects with DBP of 80–89 mmHg.