Table 3.
Incidence rate of healthcare use encounters stratified by participation in the Collaborative Pharmacist Support Services program.
| Healthcare use | CPSS group (n = 359) |
No-CPSS group** (n = 999) |
Rate ratio | 95% CI | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #events | #events/ patient-year | #events | #events/ patient-year | ||||
| Number of ambulatory encounters† | 6590 | 8.37 | 11,856 | 5.09 | 1.64 | 1.60, 1.70 | < .001 |
| PCP | 2511 | 3.20 | 6701 | 2.88 | 1.11 | 1.06, 1.17 | < .001 |
| Specialist* | 2007 | 2.56 | 4831 | 2.07 | 1.24 | 1.17, 1.30 | < .001 |
| Pharmacist | 1742 | 3.07 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — |
| Care manager (RN) | 330 | 0.42 | 324 | 0.14 | 3.03 | 2.60, 3.54 | < .001 |
| Number of ED visits | 243 | 0.27 | 512 | 0.22 | 1.23 | 1.06, 1.45 | .007 |
| Number of hospital admissions | 115 | 0.13 | 264 | 0.11 | 1.14 | 0.90, 1.42 | .25 |
PCP: primary care physician; CPSS: Collaborative Pharmacist Support Services; CI: confidence interval; ED: emergency department.
Number of visits to the provider without primary care specialty designation; †number of ambulatory encounters combining PCP, specialty, care management, and pharmacy services; **the control group was propensity matched using the characteristics of age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, disease status and duration (high blood pressure, diabetes, and depression), body mass index, baseline HbA1c (%), baseline systolic and diastolic BP, number of patients per PCP panel, and number of PCPs at the clinic.