Table 4.
Employment conditions among immigrants compared with natives
| Author (ref number) | Sample, method, country, study period | Observed mean differences or risk estimates, immigrants compared with natives: |
|---|---|---|
| Akhavan et al. [15] | Women working in a municipality, survey, Sweden, 2003 | Temporary contract: PR 20% vs 8% (m) (no statistical test provided) |
| Borrell et al. [21] | A sample of immigrant workers, survey, Ireland, 2006–08 | Temporary contracts: PR 40% vs 27%a (m) and PR 19% vs 21%NS (w) |
| Chen et al. [26] | General working pop. of immigrants, survey, Canada, 2001–4. | Over-educated: PR 52% (PR range: 32% western Europe thru 63% Southeast Asia). No data on natives. |
| Diaz-Serrano [33] | General working pop., survey, Spain, 2004/5. | Permanent contract: Prevalence difference = −33% (Latin American) a and − 38% (African) a and − 7% a (EU15) |
| Dunlavy et al. [34] | General working pop., Sweden 2010 | Over-educated (objectively): PR 21% (non-western) and PR 15% (Western Europe) vs. PR 14% among native-born workers. No statistical test. |
| Premji and Lewchuk [60] | General working pop. Survey, Canada, 2005–6 | Temporary contract: PR 37% vs 42% NS |
| Ronda et al. [64] | General working pop., survey, 31 European countries EU, 2004–5 | No work contract: PR 10% vs 7% a (m) and PR 17% vs 8% (w)a |
| Smith PM and Mustard [72] | General working pop., survey, Canada, 2001 | Temporary contract: OR 1.84, 95%CI 1.04–3.26 |
| Solé et al. [73] | General working pop., survey, Spain, 2006 | Temporary contracts: 48% vs. 37% a |
| Sousa et al. [75] | General working pop., survey, Spain, 2008–9. | Work contract: PR 41% temporary, 9% no contract, 24% undocumented vs. PR 41% and 12%, n/a, respectively. |
| Vives et al. [90] | General working pop., survey, Spain, 2004/5 | Employment precariousness: PR 18.3% vs 5.6% a |
OR Odds ratio, PR prevalence (%)
astatistically significant. NS not statistically significant, m men, w women, n/a not available