. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Bone Miner Res. 2018 Feb 22;33(6):1066–1075. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3393

Table 3.

Tissue material properties of right and left ulnae determined by 3-point bending and uniaxial tension (mean ± SEM).

	Lean (n = 6 rats)	Obese (n = 6 rats)	Diabetic (n = 6 rats)	ANOVA p-value
*3-point bending*^†
Tissue modulus (GPa)	18.3 ± 0.7	18.5 ± 0.6	15.4 ± 0.8^a,b	0.013
Yield stress (MPa)	251 ± 2	245 ± 14	182 ± 11^a,b	0.003
Ultimate stress (MPa)	280 ± 5	276 ± 7	246 ± 9^a,b	0.015
*Uniaxial tension*
Tissue modulus (GPa)	18.1 ± 1.6		14.8 ± 1.3	0.141
Yield stress (MPa)	79 ± 10		72 ± 10	0.631
Yield strain (%)	0.33 ± 0.02		0.25 ± 0.02^a	0.018
Ultimate stress (MPa)	92 ± 10		92 ± 12	0.792
Ultimate strain (%)	1.30 ± 0.05		0.89 ± 0.04^a	0.022

^† Tissue material properties from 3-point bend tests were derived using beam theory equations; strain derivations are only valid in the pre-yield region of the stress-strain curve, so yield and post-yield strains are not reported

^a p < 0.05 vs. control by posthoc test

^b p < 0.05 vs. obese by posthoc test