Table 1.
Baseline clinical and functional characteristics of patients with PH.
| Overall | Group 1 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 363 (100) | 164 (45.2) | 109 (30) | 65 (17.9) | 25 (6.9) | – |
| Age (years)† | 69 (14–89) | 65 (14–87) | 72 (44–89) | 76 (46–86) | 54 (27–97) | <0.001 |
| Age > 65 (n (%)) | 225 (62) | 84 (51.2) | 82 (75.2) | 53 (81.5) | 6 (24) | <0.001 |
| Female/Male ratio | 0.81 | 1.4 | 0.14 | 1.5 | 1.27 | <0.001 |
| Co-morbidities (n (%)) | ||||||
| HFpEF | 10 (3) | 3 (1.8) | 5 (4.5) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (5.2) | 0.06 |
| CHD | 64 (21) | 25 (15) | 29 (26.6) | 9 (13.8) | 1 (4.0) | 0.15 |
| Diabetes | 71 (23) | 33 (20.3) | 25 (22.9) | 10 (15.4) | 3 (12) | 0.32 |
| Hypertension | 159 (51) | 73 (44.3) | 52 (47.9) | 26 (40) | 8 (31.7) | 0.23 |
| COPD | 70 (23) | 20 (12) | 40 (36.7) | 6 (9.2) | 4 (16) | <0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 23 (8) | 15 (9) | 2 (1.8) | 4 (6.2) | 3 (10.4) | 0.07 |
| Solid tumor | 43 (14) | 16 (9.8) | 14 (12.8) | 9 (13.8) | 4 (15.6) | 0.95 |
| Renal failure | 49 (16) | 22 (13.5) | 18 (16.5) | 6 (9.2) | 3 (12) | 0.57 |
| Charlson index | 4 (0–10) | 3 (0–10) | 4 (0–8) | 3 (0–8) | 3 (0–7) | 0.02 |
| NYHA class (n (%)) | <0.001 | |||||
| I | 11 (3) | 8 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.1) | 1 (4) | |
| II | 134 (36.9) | 79 (48.2) | 19 (17.4) | 28 (43.1) | 8 (32) | |
| III | 189 (52.1) | 67 (40.8) | 75 (68.8) | 33 (50.7) | 14 (56) | |
| IV | 29 (8) | 10 (6.1) | 15 (13.8) | 2 (3.1) | 2 (8) | |
| 6MWD (m)† | 271 (0–640) | 320 (0–640) | 222 (0–511) | 271 (0–600) | 348 (0–500) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up time† (years) | 3.4 (2.8) | 3.5 (2.7) | 2.3 (2.6) | 3.8 (2.2) | 5 (3.8) | <0.001 |
| PFT† | ||||||
| FVC (%) | 89 (34–128) | 91 (66–123) | 78 (34–125) | 100 (55–128) | 75 (38–109) | <0.001 |
| TLC (%) | 86 (34–124) | 88 (69–121) | 78 (34–125) | 91 (58–109) | 75 (38–109) | 0.02 |
| FEV1 (%) | 76 (18–111) | 81 (66–111) | 62 (25–108) | 87 (33–111) | 56 (18–102) | <0.001 |
| KCO (%) | 60 (7–109) | 64 (15–107) | 35 (7–108) | 71 (12–108) | 52 (37–109) | <0.001 |
| PaO2 (mmHg)† | 60 (30–93) | 63 (34–93) | 52 (30–83) | 60 (34–82) | 62 (32–87) | <0.001 |
| LTO (n (%)) | 200 (55) | 70 (42.6) | 96 (88) | 26 (40) | 11 (44) | <0.001 |
| Deaths (n (%)) | 129 (35.5) | 50 (30.5) | 63 (57.8) | 11 (16.9) | 5 (20) | <0.001 |
*
Comparison of four PH groups.
†
Values are expressed as median with minimal–maximal value or interquartile range.
HfpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; PFT, pulmonary function test; FVC, forced vital capacity; TLC, total lung capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; KCO, carbon monoxide transfer coefficient; PaO2, partial pressure in arterial oxygen; LTO, long-term oxygen therapy.