Table 3.
Hazard ratios (HR) per 1 SD reduction in TBS with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture (HF).
| Clinical variables | Subgroups | MOF |
HF |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | p-interaction | HR (95% CI) | p-value | p-interaction | ||
| All Cases | 1.19 (1.15-1.23) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.05-1.20) | <0.001 | |||
| Sex | Women | 1.20 (1.16-1.25) | <0.001 | 0.25 | 1.13 (1.05-1.21) | <0.001 | 0.84 |
| Men | 1.10 (0.97-1.24) | 0.13 | 1.14 (0.90-1.44) | 0.27 | |||
| Age (years) | < 65 | 1.33 (1.26-1.41) | <0.001 | 0.004 | 1.53 (1.31-1.78) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ≥ 65 | 1.12 (1.07-1.17) | <0.001 | 1.05 (0.98-1.13) | 0.18 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | < 30 | 1.19 (1.15-1.24) | <0.001 | 0.86 | 1.15 (1.06-1.23) | <0.001 | 0.26 |
| ≥ 30 | 1.19 (1.10-1.28) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.88-1.21) | 0.69 | |||
| Diabetes | Yes | 1.18 (1.08-1.30) | <0.001 | 0.73 | 1.17 (1.00-1.37) | 0.053 | 0.36 |
| No | 1.19 (1.14-1.23) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.02-1.18) | 0.017 | |||
| Prior fracture | Yes | 1.11 (1.03-1.18) | 0.004 | 0.003 | 1.02 (0.89-1.16) | 0.81 | 0.048 |
| No | 1.19 (1.15-1.23) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.05-1.20) | <0.001 | |||
| COPD | Yes | 1.18 (1.07-1.30) | <0.001 | 0.44 | 1.08 (0.90-1.29) | 0.41 | 0.59 |
| No | 1.19 (1.15-1.23) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.06-1.23) | <0.001 | |||
| High alcohol use | Yes | 1.16 (0.97-1.37) | 0.096 | 0.55 | 0.99 (0.69-1.43) | 0.96 | 0.21 |
| No | 1.19 (1.15-1.23) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.06-1.21) | <0.001 | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Yes | 1.15 (0.99-1.34) | 0.072 | 0.61 | 0.89 (0.66-1.21) | 0.47 | 0.083 |
| No | 1.19 (1.15-1.24) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.06-1.22) | <0.001 | |||
| Glucocorticoid use | Yes | 1.15 (1.02-1.31) | 0.027 | 0.51 | 0.93 (0.74-1.17) | 0.53 | 0.029 |
| No | 1.19 (1.15-1.24) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.07-1.23) | <0.001 | |||
| Secondary osteoporosis | Yes | 1.17 (1.04-1.31) | 0.007 | 0.94 | 1.14 (0.93-1.39) | 0.21 | 0.92 |
| No | 1.19 (1.15-1.24) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.05-1.21) | 0.001 | |||
| Femoral neck osteoporosis | Yes | 1.15 (1.07-1.22) | <0.001 | 0.19 | 1.08 (0.98-1.20) | 0.13 | 0.36 |
| No | 1.21 (1.16-1.26) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.06-1.26) | 0.001 | |||
| Osteoporosis treatment* | Yes | 1.15 (1.08-1.22) | <0.001 | 0.005 | 1.12 (1.00-1.25) | 0.057 | 0.58 |
| No | 1.22 (1.16-1.27) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.06-1.25) | <0.001 | |||
| High | 1.15 (1.10-1.21) | <0.001 | 0.091 | 1.06 (0.97-1.17) | 0.21 | ||
| Comorbidity | Moderate | 1.18 (1.12-1.25) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.05-1.30) | 0.003 | <0.001 | |
| Low | 1.31 (1.19-1.43) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.01-1.51) | 0.044 | |||
Significant effects are in bold. BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
*
Treatment in the year before BMD testing.