Table 1. Chronology of the national PMTCT guideline revisions and recommended interventions in Ethiopia.
| Guideline | Recommended prophylaxis | Infant feeding recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| 1st developed in 2001 | Women | Preferred feeding- Exclusive formula |
| Single dose NVP at birth | ||
| Baby | Alternative feeding—Exclusive breast feeding and abrupt cessation at six months | |
| Single dose NVP within 72 after birth | ||
| 1st revision in 2007 | Woman | Preferred feeding—Exclusive breast feeding for the first six months + Complementary feeding from 6 to 18 months |
| Pregnancy: ZDV from 28 weeks | ||
| At birth: ZDV+ NVP + 3T | ||
| Postpartum: ZDV+ 3TC twice per day for seven days | ||
| Baby | ||
| At birth: ZDV+ NVP | Alternative feeding—Replacement feeding if AFASS | |
| Postpartum: ZDV bid for seven days | ||
| 2nd revision in 2011 Option A | Woman | Preferred feeding—Exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months and complementary feeding from 6 to 12 months |
| Pregnancy: ZDV from 14 weeks | ||
| At birth: NVP + 3TC/ZDV | ||
| Postpartum: 3TC/ZDV twice per day for seven days | ||
| Baby | Alternative feeding—Replacement feeding if AFASS | |
| NVP daily from birth through one week after cessation of breast feeding | ||
| NVP at birth + AZT twice per day for six weeks for infants on replacement feeding | ||
| 3rd revision in 2013 Option B- plus | Woman | No change in infant feeding recommendation |
| HAART irrespective of the CD4 cell count and gestational age | ||
| Baby | ||
| Daily NVP or AZT from birth to four to six weeks of age regardless of infant feeding method |
AFASS—affordable, feasible, acceptable sustainable and safe, ART- antiretroviral therapy, HAART—highly active antiretroviral treatment, NVP—Nevirapine, ZDV—Zidovudine, 3TC- Lamuvudine