Table 1.
Associations between victimization and ADHD in childhood.
| Unadjusted | Adjusted for sex, IQ and SES | Adjusted for sex, IQ, SES and mother’s depression | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Abuse/neglect | |||
| Moderate | 2.02 (1.43–2.86)*** | 1.55 (1.07–2.26)* | 1.47 (1.00–2.15) |
| Severe | 2.78 (1.72–4.48)*** | 1.72 (1.05–2.83)* | 1.60 (0.97–2.64) |
| Any | 1.75 (1.42–2.16)*** | 1.37 (1.09–1.71)* | 1.31 (1.05–1.65)* |
| Bullying by peers | 5.22 (3.44–7.90)*** | 3.98 (2.52–6.27)*** | 3.70 (2.32–5.90)*** |
| Domestic violence | 2.33 (1.59–3.43)*** | 1.71 (1.13–2.58)* | 1.54 (1.01–2.36)* |
| Poly-victimization | |||
| Exposure to one type of victimization | 2.20 (1.57–3.07)*** | 1.83 (1.26–2.64)** | 1.75 (1.20–2.55)** |
| Exposure to two or more types of victimization | 3.97 (2.46–6.42)*** | 2.50 (1.52–4.12)*** | 2.31 (1.39–3.84)** |
Note. ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. CI, confidence intervals. IQ, intelligence quotient. OR, odds ratio. SES, socio-economic status.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.