Table 5.
Associations between 10 ug/m3 increase in PM2.5 and otitis media four days (Lag 4) and seven days (Lag 7) prior to clinical encounter stratified by susceptibility risk factors.
| OR (95% CI)a | Lag4 | p-interactionb | Lag 7 | p-interactionb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season of Dxc | ||||
| Cold | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | 0.963 | 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) | 0.879 |
| Warm | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | – | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | – |
| Gestational Age | ||||
| Term >37 weeks | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.026 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 0.019 |
| Preterm ≤ 37 weeks | 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) | – | 1.08 (1.02, 1.15) | – |
| Birthweight | ||||
| Normal Weight ≥2500 g | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | – | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.377 |
| Low Birth Weight <2500 g | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 0.868 | 0.97 (0.88, 1.08) | – |
| Breastfeeding Initiation in Hospital at Birth | ||||
| Yes | 1.02 (1.00, 1.06) | 0.508 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.555 |
| No | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | – | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | – |
| Subsequent Otitis Media Clinical Encounter | ||||
| No | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.624 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.678 |
| Yes | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) | – | 0.99 (0.81, 1.20) | – |
| Infant Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 0.205 | 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) | 0.146 |
| Female | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | – | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | – |
| Age of Infant at Time of Clinical Encounter | ||||
| 0–1 year | 1.02 (0.99, 1.07) | – | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | – |
| 1–2 years | 1.02 (0.98, 1.07) | 0.972 | 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) | 0.0555 |
| 2–3 years | 1.00(0.93, 1.07) | 0.489 | 1.00(0.93, 1.07) | 0.270 |
| Delivery Payment Source | ||||
| Health Maintenance Organization | 1.02 (0.98, 1.07) | – | 0.99 (0.95, 1.04) | – |
| Medicaid/CommonHealth | 1.01 (0.97, 1.17) | 0.593 | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09) | 0.097 |
| Other | 1.03 (0.97, 1.11) | 0.848 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) | 0.958 |
| Median Income of Census Block Group | ||||
| <$20 000 | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 0.949 | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) | 0.419 |
| $20 000–$70 000 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) | 0.764 | 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) | 0.446 |
| >$70 000 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | – | 1.01 (0.97, 1.06) | – |
| Maternal Race | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) | – | 1.00 (0.96, 1.03) | – |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 0.557 | 1.03 (0.94, 1.12) | 0.575 |
| Hispanic | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | 0.700 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 0.247 |
| Asian | 1.02 (0.89, 1.16) | 0.810 | 1.02 (0.89, 1.16) | 0.776 |
| Other | 0.89 (0.76, 1.05) | 0.136 | 1.12 (1.95, 1.31) | 0.149 |
a
Model adjusted for lagged temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, and holiday indicator.
b
p-interaction generated from interaction term of susceptibility risk factor and PM2.5 in full model.
c
Warm months are May through October and cold months are January through April and November through December.