. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Nutr. 2017 Oct 2;37(6 Pt A):2045–2053. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.018

Table 1.

Baseline sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of 3374 older adults from the ELSA Study (2002) and 1040 elderly from SABE Study (2000) according abdominal obesity and dynapenia status.

	Non-Dynapenic Non-Abdominal Obese	Abdominal Obese	Dynapenic	Dynapenic Abdominal Obese
	ELSA n = 1564 SABE n = 440	ELSA n = 1563 SABE n = 431	ELSA n = 125 SABE n = 97	ELSA n = 122 SABE n = 72
Sociodemographic variables
Age, years
ELSA	70.9 ± 6.9	71.2 ± 6.5	78.7 ± 8.5^a^,^b	76.5 ± 9.0^a^,^b^,^c
SABE	70.0 ± 7.0	69.3 ± 7.0	75.5 ± 7.5^a^,^b	73.8 ± 7.5^a^,^b^,^c
Sex (female), (%)
ELSA	47.8	56.2^a	52.0	63.1^a
SABE	36.6	70.1^a	23.7^a^,^b	80.6^a^,^c
Marital status (married), (%)
ELSA	71.2	70.6	55.2^a^,^b	54.9^a^,^b
SABE	68.2	53.6^a	63.9	38.9^a^,^b^,^c
Income SABE, (%)
US$ ≤ 169.4	28.6	30.9	37.1	54.2^a^,^b^,^c
>US$ 169.4 and US$ ≤ 423.5	30.7	26.7	34.0	20.8^a^,^b^,^c
>US$ 423.5	27.5	23.9	19.6	8.3^a^,^b^,^c
Unreported	13.2	18.5	9.3	16.7^a^,^b^,^c
Household wealth ELSA, (%)
5st quintile (highest quintile)	9.5	14.3^a	24.0^a^,^b	15.6^a^,^b
4nd quintile	15.0	18.2^a	22.4^a^,^b	27.1^a^,^b
3th quintile	20.3	22.6^a	15.2^a^,^b	22.1^a^,^b
2th quintile	23.3	22.0^a	23.2^a^,^b	26.2^a^,^b
1th quintile (lowest quintile)	30.7	21.9^a	14.4^a^,^b	8.2^a^,^b
Unreported	1.2	1.0^a	0.8^a^,^b	0.8^a^,^b
Schooling ELSA, (%)
Higher than A level	29.2	22.2^a	18.4^a	9.0^a^,^b
0 level or equivalent	25.5	22.1^a	16.0^a	19.7^a^,^b
Less than 0 level or equivalent	45.3	55.7^a	65.6^a	71.3^a^,^b
Mean Schooling SABE, years	4.8 ± 4.1	4.3 ± 3.7	3.5 ± 3.4^a	2.5 ± 2.3^a^,^b
Behavioral variables
Smoking, (%)
Never smoked
ELSA	41.0	35.7^a	31.2	36.1
SABE	42.1	60.6^a	48.4	75.0^a^,^c
Ex-smoker
ELSA	48.1	53.4^a	57.6	54.9
SABE	37.0	29.5^a	36.1	20.8^a^,^c
Current smoker
ELSA	10.9	10.9^a	11.2	9.0
SABE	20.9	9.9^a	15.5	4.2^a^,^c
Alcohol consumption, (%)
Drank never or rarely
ELSA	32.4	41.2^a	40.8	50.8^a^,^b
SABE	81.1	91.2^a	74.2^b	95.8^a^,^c
Drank frequently
ELSA	46.5	40.9^a	43.2	39.3^a^,^b
SABE	9.6	5.1^a	12.4^b	1.4^a^,^c
Drank daily
ELSA	21.1	17.9^a	16.0	9.9^a^,^b
SABE	9.3	3.7^a	13.4^b	2.8^a^,^c
Sedentary lifestyle
ELSA	1.6	1.9	4.0^a	4.1^a
SABE	61.8	70.5^a	77.3^a	68.1

Data are presented as proportions, means and standard deviation.

Significantly different from non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obese;

Significantly different from abdominal obese;

Significantly different from dynapenic. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. NA: Not available.