Table 1.
Demographics and Adjusted Tobacco Dependence Scores by Ethnicity/Smoker Type Groups
|
African American ITS N=77 |
Caucasian ITS N=185 |
African American DS N=83 |
Caucasian DS N=137 |
P-value of the Interaction | P-value of the Interaction | P-value of the Interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| %/Median (S.E.) | %/Median (S.E.) | %/Median (S.E.) | %/Median (S.E.) | – | – | – | |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age, years | 44.4 (1.2) | 32.7 (0.8) | 43.5 (1.1) | 39.3 (1.0) | – | – | – |
| Male | 49.4 | 49.7 | 45.8 | 61.3 | – | – | – |
| Education | – | – | – | ||||
| Less than high school | 11.69 | 1.08 | 16.05 | 9.49 | |||
| High School | 32.47 | 7.57 | 35.80 | 24.82 | |||
| Some College | 33.77 | 41.08 | 40.74 | 45.26 | |||
| College or more | 22.08 | 50.27 | 7.41 | 20.44 | |||
| Cigarettes per day | 4.02 (0.30) | 2.74 (0.19) | 13.23 (0.59) | 16.66 (0.51) | – | – | – |
| Converted ITS | 53 (68.8) | 97 (52.4) | – | – | |||
| Tobacco Dependence+ | Model 1* | Model 2** | Model 3*** | ||||
| Primary Dependence | 3.31 (0.14) | 2.87 (0.12) | 3.75 (0.13) | 3.75 (0.13) | <.0001 | .04 | .08 |
| Secondary Dependence | 3.16 (0.13) | 3.06 (0.11) | 3.65 (0.12) | 3.64 (0.12) | .09 | .63 | .88 |
| NDSS (T-score) | 37.91 (1.19) | 35.88 (0.97) | 40.74 (1.24) | 41.72 (1.14) | <.01 | .10 | .17 |
| FTND (without CPD item) | 2.68 (0.19) | 1.18 (0.15) | 3.66 (0.17) | 3.15 (0.18) | <.01 | .19 | .45 |
| HONC (proportion of items endorsed) | 0.56 (0.03) | 0.54 (0.03) | 0.62 (0.03) | 0.64 (0.03) | .03 | .43 | .83 |
| Time to first cigarette (minutes) | 30.72 (1.19) | 66.07 (1.16) | 17.10 (1.18) | 22.57 (1.18) | <.01 | .07 | .13 |
+
Least-square means from Model 2 reported. A higher value indicates greater dependence, with the exception of TTFC where fewer minutes indicates greater dependence.
*
Model 1: Ethnicity, smoker type, and an interaction between the two with each tobacco dependence measure adjusted for age, sex, and education.
**
Model 2: Model 1 with additional adjustment for cigarettes per day.
***
Model 3: Model 2 with additional adjustment for CITS/NITS status.
Acronym Key: DS=daily smoker ITS=intermittent smoker NDSS=Nicotine Dependence FTND=Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale HONC=Hooked on Nicotine Checklist.