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Structures of putative chalkophores. (a) Coproporphyrin III is a porphyrin. Although not traditionally considered siderophores, porphyrin (heme) uptake is a source of iron for many species. (b) Yersiniabactin (Ybt) metal binding is partly mediated by heterocycles, which are not among the traditional catecholate, hydroxymate, and phenolate siderophore ligands. (c) SF2768 has unusual diisonitrile groups that are likely involved in copper binding.
