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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 22.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Biochem. 2018 Apr 18;87:645–676. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012300

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Structures of select copper-binding siderophores. (a) Nicotianamine and (b) staphylopine share structural characteristics and biosynthesis genes, despite differing origins in eukaryotic and bacterial species. (c) Pyochelin (Pch) has a metal-chelating hydroxyphenol-thiazolyl-thiazolidinyl backbone similar to that of Yersiniabactin (Ybt). (d) Pyoverdine I (Pvd) is a member of the large family of primarily peptidic pyoverdine siderophores. (e) Pyridine-2,6-dithiocarboxylic acid (pdtc) is a small metal-binding secondary metabolite. (f) Schizokinen was originally identified in gram-positive Bacillus and cyanobacterial Anabaena species.