Table 4.
Clinical background of subjects in longitudinal study.
| Hot water bathing frequency | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Group A (<4 times/w) | Group B (>5 times/w) | ||
| 42 | 124 | ||
| Men, n (%) | 17 (40) | 59 (48) | 0.42 |
| Age, years old | 67.9 ± 7.6 | 66.4 ± 8.1 | 0.30 |
| Body height, cm | 157.4 ± 9.0 | 158.6 ± 8.5 | 0.42 |
| Body weight, kg | 56.9 ± 11.9 | 57.7 ± 10.1 | 0.81 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.8 ± 3.4 | 22.9 ± 2.9 | 0.85 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 137.8 ± 19.7 | 136.5 ± 19.5 | 0.72 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 75.1 ± 11.4 | 77.0 ± 11.9 | 0.36 |
| Systolic BP 2, mmHg | 131.6 ± 20.5 | 128.5 ± 20.0 | 0.39 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 64.1 ± 9.6 | 67.0 ± 11.7 | 0.15 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 218.4 ± 32.4 | 223.1 ± 40.7 | 0.50 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 68.5 ± 20.9 | 68.7 ± 19.5 | 0.95 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 101.1 ± 51.6 | 102.8 ± 53.9 | 0.85 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 101.6 ± 13.8 | 104.9 ± 212.0 | 0.35 |
| IRI, μU/ml | 5.0 ± 2.7 | 5.8 ± 4.0 | 0.24 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.73 ± 0.21 | 0.75 ± 0.19 | 0.57 |
| eGFR | 72.3 ± 15.0 | 71.2 ± 12.0 | 0.63 |
| BNP, pg/ml | 37.9 ± 28.2 | 23.7 ± 23.7 | 0.03 |
| baPWV, cm/sec | 1645 ± 378 | 1598 ± 282 | 0.39 |
| Carotid mean IMT, mm | 0.77 ± 0.15 | 0.81 ± 0.16 | 0.13 |
| Carotid max IMT, mm | 0.95 ± 0.22 | 1.00 ± 0.22 | 0.24 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 9 (21) | 32 (26) | 0.57 |
| Antidyslimidemia drugs, n (%) | 7 (17) | 22 (18) | 0.87 |
| Antidiabetic drugs, n (%) | 3 (7) | 9 (7) | 0.98 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 21 (50) | 61 (49) | 0.93 |
| Type 2 Diabetes, n (%) | 7 (17) | 19 (15) | 0.84 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 27 (64) | 79 (64) | 0.95 |
| Smoking current/past/never, n | 4/9/29 | 8/33/83 | 0.69 |
| Physical activity, everyday/sometimes/not often/never, n | 8/31/3/0 | 33/64/23/4 | 0.03 |
| Mean follow up length, year | 5.1 ± 1.7 | 4.7 ± 2.1 | 0.36 |
| Mean follow up times, times | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 0.09 |
BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; IRI, immunoreactive insulin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BNP, b-type natriuretic peptide; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; IMT, intima-media thickness.
Mean ± SD.