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. 2018 Jun 21;8:9464. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27788-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Regulation of mitochondrial function by naringin in fructose-exposed cardiomyocytes. (a) The mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was analyzed to assess the mitochondrial profile. Graphs show the quantification of the mitochondrial basal respiration rate (b), ATP production (c), proton leak (d), non-mitochondrial respiration (e), maximal respiration rate (f), and spare respiratory capacity (g). (h) Mitochondrial membrane potential (MP) in H9c2 cells was evaluated by JC-1 fluorescence level. The histogram represents the quantification of MP as a ratio of JC-1 (green/red) in the different treatment groups. (i) The rhodamine-123 fluorescence level for evaluation of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT). Histograms represent the quantification of fluorescence intensity. (j) The MitoSOX fluorescence level for evaluation of mitochondrial ROS generation in H9c2 cells. The histogram represents quantification of fluorescence intensity. Results are shown as the mean ± S.D. of three separate experiments (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. fructose treated group). Scale bar in images indicates 20 μm. Con: control group, FR: fructose group, NRG: naringin treatment group compared with vehicle group.