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. 2018 Jun 21;8:9431. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27504-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study design. Biofilm formation of five bacterial species was evaluated in three models (one in vitro and two ex vivo) on three days (D1, 3 and 5) using multiple techniques and VOCs were identified on four days (D0, 1, 3 and 5). MSSA, methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213; PA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; SP, Streptococcus pyogenes; SA113, Staphylococcus aureus wild type strain; SA113ΔtagO, biofilm-forming deficient mutant derived from SA113; VOCs, volatile organic compounds; PI, propidium iodide; Con-A, Concanavalin A; GCMS, gas chromatography mass spectroscopy.