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. 2018 Jun 15;9:420. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00420

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Determination of acrolein concentration through urine and serum 3-HPMA measurement in MS patients and healthy individuals. The MS patient group including 31 relapsing-remitting (RRMS), 8 secondary progressive (SPMS), and 1 primary progressive (PPMS) types of MS. (A) A scatter plot including all the data points to reveal the range and distribution of measured values of urine 3-HPMA. Solid lines indicate mean 3-HPMA in both MS and healthy control individuals. Note that while many data points of MS patients were distributed in the same range as that of control, there were still multiple points of MS which were greater than that in control, some by multiple folds. Specifically, the mean concentration of 3-HPMA is 1.094 ± 0.212 μg/mg creatinine for MS patients (N = 40) and 0.570 ± 0.082 μg/mg creatinine for healthy individuals (N = 23). Note the increase of 3-HPMA in urine in MS patients. (*: P < 0.05, t-test). (B) A scatter plot including all the data points to reveal the range and distribution of measured values of serum 3-HPMA. Solid lines indicate the mean 3-HPMA level in both MS patients and control individuals. Note that while many data points of MS patients were distributed in the same range as that of controls, there were still multiple points of MS that were greater than that of control, some by multiple folds. The mean concentration of 3-HPMA is 0.065 ± 0.009 μg/g protein for MS patients (N = 40) and 0.036 ± 0.004 μg/g protein for healthy individuals (N = 23). Note the increase of 3-HPMA in serum among MS patients. (*: P < 0.05, t-test).