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. 2018 Jun 15;9:755. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00755

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Copyright © 2018 Zhou, Wang, Hu, Chen and Ren.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A,B) Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria microdomains complexes. Multiple structures that tether mitochondria with ER have been described. Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) interacts via GRP75, regulating calcium balance between mitochondria and ER. Similarly, IP3R also cooperates with FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1), modifying mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. B-cell receptor associated protein 31 (BAP31) binds to mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1), regulating cellular apoptosis. Inverted formin-2 (INF2) interacts with dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), handling mitochondrial fission. ER-located mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) interacts with mitochondrial Mfn1/Mfn2, controlling mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Besides, the ER–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) complex is composed of: the OMM proteins Mdm10 and Mdm34, the ER protein Mmm1, and the cytosolic protein Mdm12.