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. 2018 Jun 15;12:166. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00166

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Copyright © 2018 Jocher, Mannschatz, Offterdinger and Schweigreiter.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Induction of an axonal growth state in adult DRG neurons. Axons from adult DRG neurons were attracted over nearly 4 days by a selection of neurotrophic factors and neuropoietic cytokines. After in vitro axotomy (IVA), axons were allowed to regenerate for 23 h in the presence or absence of a selection of neurotrophic factors and neuropoietic cytokines. Axonal growth in the two axonal compartments during this regenerative period was quantified by linear Sholl analysis. (A) Experimental time course. (B) Attraction with NGF and regeneration with NGF vs. control; n = 8. (C) Attraction with 3x cocktail and regeneration with 3x cocktail vs. NGF; n = 5. (D) Attraction with 6x cocktail and regeneration with 6x cocktail vs. NGF; n = 5. (E) Combination of treatment curves from (B–D): NGF, 3x cocktail, 6x cocktail (pooled data from D and G). The median values of the outermost grid lines with axonal intersections are indicated for each treatment. (F) Combination of NGF curves from (B–D): NGF (vs. control), NGF (vs. 3x cocktail), NGF (vs. 6x cocktail). (G) Attraction with 6x cocktail and regeneration with 6x cocktail vs. control; n = 5. (H) Combination of control curves from (B,G): control (vs. NGF), control (vs. 6x cocktail). The red arrow indicates the shift of neurons into an axonal growth state. The median values of the outermost grid lines with axonal intersections are indicated for each control. 3x cocktail: NGF, BDNF, NT-3; 6x cocktail: 3x cocktail plus GDNF, CNTF, leptin. Data represent mean ± SEM for each increment; p values are indicated; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001.