. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Eye Contact Lens. 2018 Jul;44(4):248–259. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000505

TABLE 3.

Age (Years) at Axial Elongation Stabilization and Associated Factors (N = 364)^a.

			Unadjusted^b		Adjusted^c ^d
Participant Characteristic	n	Age (y) Mean [SE]	Difference (y) vs Reference Group (95% CI) P Value	Overall P Value	Difference (y) vs. Reference Group (95% CI) P Value	Overall p Value
Ethnicity^c				*0.86*		*0.86*
African American	98	16.29 [0.24]	Reference		Reference
Asian	28	16.12 [0.45]	−0.17 (−1.18, 0.84)		−0.17 (−1.18, 0.84)
Asian	28	16.12 [0.45]	0.74		0.74
Hispanic	52	15.96 [0.22]	−0.33 (−1.14, 0.48)		−0.31 (−1.12, 0.50)
Hispanic	52	15.96 [0.22]	0.42		0.46
Mixed	18	16.27 [0.64]	−0.02 (−1.23, 1.19)		−0.02 (−1.23, 1.19)
Mixed	18	16.27 [0.64]	0.98		0.98
White	168	16.38 [0.20]	0.09 (−0.51, 0.69)		0.10 (−0.50, 0.71)
White	168	16.38 [0.20]	0.77		0.74
Sex^c				*0.58*		*0.59*
Male	169	16.19 [0.17]	Reference		Reference
Female	195	16.33 [0.18]	0.14 (−0.35, 0.63)		0.13 (−0.36, 0.64)
Female	195	16.33 [0.18]	0.58		0.59
Number of Myopic parents^d				*0.48*		*0.43*
None	31	15.91 [0.38]	Reference		Reference
1	91	16.36 [0.26]	0.45 (−0.54, 1.44)		0.37 (−0.66, 1.40)
1	91	16.36 [0.26]	0.64		0.40
2	67	16.54 [0.31]	0.64 (−0.40, 1.67)		0.71 (−0.39, 7.80)
2	67	16.54 [0.31]	0.23		0.21

The “Axial Length Stabilized at Baseline” cohort (n=19) and the “Axial Length Not Stabilized” cohort (n=48) were not included since parameters of axial stabilization were not available for these two groups.

Based on univariable ANOVA tests.

Adjusted estimates were based on a multivariable model with ethnicity and sex as covariates.

Based on the subset with parental myopia data (n = 225). Adjusted estimates were based on a multivariable model with ethnicity, sex and number of myopic parents as covariates.