Table 2.
Selected multivariable predictors of fast CKD progression over 24 months among adults with eGFR 30 to 59 ml/min/1.73 m2 stratified by baseline diabetes status
| Characteristic | Adjusteda Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) for Fast Progression in Adults with Stage 3 CKD and no Diabetes N = 23,021 |
Adjustedb Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) for Fast Progression in Adults with Stage 3 CKD and Diabetes N = 13,174 |
|---|---|---|
| Age group at study entry, yr | ||
| 18–49 | 1.16 (0.91–1.48) | 1.60 (1.22–2.10) |
| 50–59 | 0.72 (0.61–0.86) | 1.16 (1.00–1.34) |
| 60–69 | 0.81 (0.73–0.90) | 1.03 (0.92–1.14) |
| 70–79 | Reference | Reference |
| ≥ 80 | 1.25 (1.14–1.36) | 1.16 (1.03–1.30) |
| Male vs. female gender | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) |
| Race | ||
| White/European | Reference | Reference |
| Black/African American | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.00 (0.88–1.15) | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) |
| Native American | 1.57 (0.81–3.04) | 1.22 (0.67–2.20) |
| Other | 1.26 (0.68–2.34) | 1.24 (0.81–1.92) |
| Unknown | 0.88 (0.69–1.11) | 1.15 (0.94–1.42) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 1.05 (0.90–1.21) | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) |
| Current/former smoking | 1.21 (1.12–1.30) | – |
| Medical history | ||
| Heart failure | 1.77 (1.57–1.99) | 1.58 (1.40–1.79) |
| Ischemic stroke | 1.50 (1.11–2.04) | – |
| Pacemaker | 1.43 (1.06–1.92) | – |
| Proteinuria | 1.86 (1.65–2.10) | 2.31 (2.10–2.55) |
| Valvular heart disease | – | 0.86 (0.71–1.03) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | ||
| ≤ 120 | Reference | Reference |
| 121–129 | 1.17 (1.04–1.30) | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) |
| 130–139 | 1.28 (1.15–1.41) | 1.23 (1.08–1.39) |
| 140–159 | 1.44 (1.28–1.62) | 1.47 (1.29–1.68) |
| 160–179 | 2.07 (1.75–2.46) | 1.99 (1.64–2.42) |
| ≥ 180 | 2.42 (1.80–3.24) | 2.21 (1.59–3.08) |
| Unknown | 1.12 (0.88–1.43) | 1.20 (0.94–1.53) |
| Laboratory values | ||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | ||
| ≥ 13.0 | Reference | Reference |
| 12.0–12.9 | 1.38 (1.25–1.53) | 1.39 (1.23–1.56) |
| 11.0–11.9 | 2.02 (1.78–2.29) | 1.63 (1.43–1.87) |
| 10.0–10.9 | 2.09 (1.73–2.54) | 1.76 (1.47–2.11) |
| 9.0–9.9 | 1.46 (1.02–2.10) | 2.09 (1.55–2.81) |
| < 9.0 | 1.44 (0.85–2.43) | 2.15 (1.26–3.68) |
| Unknown | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) | 1.15 (1.02–1.30) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | ||
| ≥ 60 | Reference | – |
| 50–59 | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) | – |
| 40–49 | 1.16 (1.04–1.30) | – |
| 35–39 | 1.25 (1.08–1.45) | – |
| < 35 | 1.27 (1.07–1.50) | – |
| Unknown | 1.20 (1.07–1.36) | – |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | ||
| ≥ 200 | – | Reference |
| 160–199 | – | 1.73 (1.06–2.84) |
| 130–159 | – | 1.07 (0.80–1.44) |
| 100–129 | – | 1.10 (0.89–1.35) |
| 70–99 | – | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) |
| < 70 | – | 0.93 (0.84–1.02) |
| Unknown | – | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) |
aAdjusted also for baseline level of eGFR and receipt of angiotensin II receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers at entry
bAdjusted also for baseline level of eGFR and receipt of diuretics, calcium channel blockers and hydralazine at entry