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ROS generation stimulated by COM crystals. MDCK cells were treated with various doses of COM crystals for 48 h, and DCFH-DA assay using flow cytometry was performed to determine intracellular ROS. Illustrated is a representative of three separate experiments and the quantifications of data were represented as mean ± SD on the right panel. **p < .01 versus control; *p < .05 versus control.
