Table 1.

Level of ET-1 in enrolled patient with CKD ($\overline{x}$ ± s).

Stage	n	M/F	Average age (y)	GFR (ml/min·1.73 m2)	ET-1 (ρ/ng·L−1)
I	19	11/8	43.26 ± 11.56	≥90	59.94 ± 14.88
II	25	11/14	46.48 ± 12.23	60–89	102.49 ± 18.01*
III	23	12/11	48.95 ± 14.91	30–59	154.51 ± 47.69*&
IV	27	16/11	47.56 ± 12.58	15–29	189.15 ± 43.16*&Δ
V	23	11/12	49.68 ± 12.63	<15	190.39 ± 42.51*&Δ

M: male; F: female; ET-1: Endothelin-1; GFR: glomerular filtration rate.

^*p < .01 vs. Stage I.

^&p < .01 vs. Stage II.

^Δp < .01 vs. Stage III.