Table 2.
Standard z-score for 5 cognitive domains and 13 cognitive measures.
| HD group (n = 30) | Reference group (n = 30) | p value | Effect size r | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attention | −0.78 ± 0.64 | 0.41 ± 0.97 | <.001 | 0.59 |
| DSF | −0.73 ± 0.68 | 0.18 ± 0.84 | <.001 | 0.51 |
| DSB | −0.55 ± 0.78 | 0.56 ± 1.25 | <.001 | 0.47 |
| Visuospatial | ||||
| RCFT | −1.42 ± 1.95 | 0.08 ± 0.55 | <.001 | 0.46 |
| Language | ||||
| S-K-BNT | −1.07 ± 0.57 | 0.68 ± 0.87 | <.001 | 0.61 |
| Memory | −1.47 ± 1.19 | 0.54 ± 0.46 | <.001 | 0.74 |
| SVLT-IR | −0.77 ± 0.79 | 0.44 ± 0.75 | <.001 | 0.62 |
| SVLT-DR | −1.36 ± 0.86 | 0.19 ± 0.52 | <.001 | 0.74 |
| SVLT-R | −0.83 ± 1.28 | 0.54 ± 0.71 | <.001 | 0.55 |
| Executive function | −1.72 ± 3.05 | 0.86 ± 0.69 | <.001 | 0.50 |
| VF-S | −0.80 ± 0.83 | 0.27 ± 0.99 | <.001 | 0.53 |
| VF-P | −1.07 ± 0.57 | 0.68 ± 0.87 | <.001 | 0.77 |
| K-SCWT | −1.08 ± 1.12 | 0.33 ± 0.82 | <.001 | 0.58 |
| DSCT | −0.68 ± 1.16 | 0.88 ± 0.84 | <.001 | 0.61 |
| TMT-A | −1.29 ± 3.26 | 0.62 ± 0.66 | <.004 | 0.38 |
| TMT-B | −1.73 ± 2.96 | 0.52 ± 0.44 | <.001 | 0.47 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD for normally distributed continuous variables, median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed continuous variables. (1) attention (DSF, digit span forward and DSB, digit span backward), (2) visuospatial function (RCFT, Rey Complex Figure Test copying), (3) language (S-K-BNT, Short form of the Korean-Boston Naming Test: 15 items), (4) memory (SVLT-IR, Seoul Verbal Learning Test: 3 trials of a 12-word list learning, SVLT-DR, 20-min delayed free recall, and recognition [SVLT-R]), and (5) executive function and working memory (verbal fluency test; VF-S, semantic and VF-P, phonemic fluency tests; K-SCWT, Korean version of Stroop Color-Word Test; DSCT, Digit Symbol Coding Test, TMT-A, Trail Making Test part A; TMT-B, Trail Making Test part B).