. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 22.

Published in final edited form as: JAMA Neurol. 2017 Mar 1;74(3):275–285. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.5197

Table 3.

miRNAs Showing Significant Correlations With MRI Measures in Both Cohort1 and Cohort2

miRNA	Description	Relevant Pathways Involved^a	Cell Types/Tissues Expressing	Relevant Findings in Previous Publications
hsa.miR.142.5p	Negative correlation with T1:T2 ratio (protective)	Axonal guidance signaling, IL-6 signaling, B-cell activating factor signaling	PBMCs, neurons	Upregulated in both PBMCs and brain white matter lesions from patients with MS and mouse model; normalizes with BMT and GA treatment; in patient’s serum, negative correlation with EDSS⁴⁹
hsa.miR.143.3p	Negative correlation with T1:T2 ratio (protective)	NF-κB signaling pathway, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration	CD4 T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons	Markedly decreased in serum of patients with AD vs age-matched controls⁵⁰
hsa.miR.181c.3p	Negative correlation with T1:T2 ratio (protective)	Axonal guidance signaling, TGF-β signaling	B cells, retinal cells, and in brain	Upregulated in MS CSF vs other neurologic diseases, upregulated in RR MS vs SP MS²⁸
hsa.miR.181c.5p	Negative correlation with T1:T2 ratio (protective)	TGF-β signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, T-cell receptor signaling pathway	Brain	Released from the brain following ischemia and associated with neurogenesis⁵¹
hsa.miR.375	Negative correlation with BPF (pathogenic)	No known targets	Brain, spinal cord	CSF levels lower in patients with AD vs age- and sex-matched HCs⁵²
hsa.miR.486.5p	Positive correlation with T1:T2 ratio (pathogenic)	Integrin signaling, leukocyte extravasation signaling	Muscle	Correlates with EDSS; upregulated in patients with MS vs HCs, patients with progressive MS, those with other neurologic diseases, and those with other autoimmune diseases⁵³
hsa.miR.629.5p	Negative correlation with BPF (pathogenic)	IL-10 signaling, axonal guidance signaling	Whole blood	Lower expression found in blood samples from patients with MS treated with natalizumab and developed PML vs patients who did not develop PML⁵⁴
hsa.miR.92a.3p	Positive correlation with T1:T2 ratio (pathologic)	B-cell receptor signaling, chemokine signaling, neuregulin signaling	Brain, B cells	Its cluster, miR17-92, is overexpressed in B cells and plasma of patients with MS vs controls^34,55

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer disease; BMT, bone marrow transplantation; BPF, brain parenchymal fraction; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; GA, glatiramer acetate; HC, healthy controls; IL, interleukin; miRNA, microRNA; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MS, multiple sclerosis; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PML, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; RR, relapsing-remitting; SP, secondary progressive; T1:T2, ratio of T1 hypointense to T2 hyperintense lesion volume; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β.

Ingenuity pathway analysis.