Figure 3.

Differential recruitment of steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1) by bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF), or bisphenol S (BPS) in the $\text{ligand}–\text{ER}\mathrm{\alpha }$ complex in HepG2 cells. (A) Co-transfection with SRCs and PGC1s in the presence of estradiol (E2). (B) Co-transfection with SRCs in the presence of BPA, BPAF, or BPS. (C) Co-transfection with PGC1s in the presence of BPA,BPAF, or BPS. Cells were transfected with 3xERE-luc, pRL-TK, $\text{pcDNA}/\text{ER}\mathrm{\alpha }$, and pcDNA/SRC1, pcDNA/SRC2, pcDNA/SRC3, $\text{pcDNA}/\text{PGC}1\mathrm{\alpha }$, or $\text{pcDNA}/\text{PGC}1\mathrm{\beta }$ plasmids overnight. After changing to fresh starved medium, cells were treated with the vehicle control, $10\text{nM}$ E2, 100 or $\mathrm{1,000}\text{nM}$ BPA, BPAF, and BPS for 18 h. The $\text{ER}\mathrm{\alpha }$ ERE-mediated activity was detected by a luciferase reporter assay. Data are representative of triplicates as fold increase calculated relative to the vehicle $\left(\text{control}\right)\pm \text{standard}\text{error}\text{of}\text{the}\text{mean}\left(\text{SEM}\mathrm{\right)}$, ***$p<0.05$ compared to vehicle (control).