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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 27.
Published in final edited form as: Chemistry. 2017 Aug 16;23(54):13270–13278. doi: 10.1002/chem.201700888

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Examples of VFD-mediated synthetic transformations. A) The [4+2] Diels-Alder reaction of two cyclopentadiene molecules as well as the [4+2] Diels-Alder between anthracene and N-phenylmaleimide; no conversion results from identical conditions in the non-VFD control. [10] [13] B) Processing under high mass and heat transfer in the VFD favors the Michael-addition product; by contrast, in a non-VFD control, the Schiff base product is favored.[19] C) The stereoselective synthesis of resorcin[4]arenes and pyrogallo[4]arenes in the VFD, with the VFD favoring the kinetic isomer over the thermodynamic isomer.[20] D) Assembly line synthesis of lidocaine through sequential, spatially segregated transformations and the assembly line-inspired synthesis of an α-aminophosphonate utilizing in situ solvent exchange to drive a multi-step transformation. [21] [8] E) The synthesis of amides through the coupling of acyl chlorides with amines. Products were isolated through silica column chromatography with >95% purity observed by 1H NMR analysis.