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. 2017 Dec 17;31:100. doi: 10.14196/mjiri.31.100

Table 1. Dimensions of successful aging extracted from integrative review .

Main categories Subcategories Codes Meaning summary
Social well-being Social presence & interaction Close relationship with others Family relationship, a network of friends and family, intergenerational relationship, doing some activities with family
Social activity Productive activity or job, volunteer activity, social teaching, selfemployment, participating in public activity Recreation Traveling, creative activities, having variety of hobbies
Recreation Traveling, creative activities, having variety of hobbies
Social support Not lonely Having a partner, wife/husband for close relationship and engagement
Social support from family Having a friend for speaking to or traveling, emotional and financial support from family, visiting family
Social support from governments Social welfare policy for older adults, sufficient healthcare system, facilitation of social role and productive activity for older adults, sufficient pension, and insurance
Psychological wellbeing Individual positive characteristics and capabilities Happiness Being full of energy and happy, joyful
Having purpose/plan and hope Being hopeful, having aims for the future
Positive mood Generous, curious, sense of humor, other positive characteristics based on culture
Being useful No feeling of worthlessness, being productive, feeling of usefulness
Good appearance Good figure, being stylish
Self-acceptance Good feeling about his/herself, self-confidence, feeling of being useful,
Self-efficacy Ability for self-care, ability to avoid risk factors, ability to recover from disease
Mastery Ability to change environment in his/her interest, ability to do complex activity in life and family, ability to change or select property environment for his/her physical or mental limitation
Maintaining balance Balance between opportunity and challenges, selection of alternatives, compensation, balance between body and mind, balance between aspirations and goals achieved
Coping and resilience Ability to face life problems and challenges, avoiding running away from problems, adoption of aging limitations, avoiding the wrong solutions
Continuity in learning Learning new things, attempting to improve knowledge, attention to development in later life
Lifespan satisfaction Satisfaction with past life Acceptance of past life, good job, good memories from the past, satisfaction, and getting over bad memories such as war life satisfaction Satisfaction with whole life, satisfaction with partner
life satisfaction Satisfaction with whole life, satisfaction with partner
Positive selfperception of aging Acceptance of the natural process of aging Acceptance of transition and changes from aging, acceptance of decline
Positive perception towards aging Acceptance of positive points of aging, good self-image, without any bad image such as frail elderly
Absence of mental illness No depression No signs of depression, such as withdrawal, feelings of worthlessness and being useless, despair
No cognitive impairment No signs or symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson suspicion of having attention problems, no language impairment
No stress or phobia Anorexia or stress eating, fear of the death of someone close, feeling guilty
Physical health Good physical health Positive self-rated health status No pain, no feeling of fatigue and feeling healthy and well
The absence of various diseases No symptoms of disease such as heart disease, heart attack, diabetes, cancer, emphysema, osteoporosis, asthma, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, lung disease, Parkinson’s disease
Avoidance of risk factors No smoking, eating Mediterranean diet, physical fitness and doing exercises such as stretching
Functional health Doing daily living activities Doing personal activities such as taking a shower, ability to make phone call, shopping, climbing stairs
The absence of disability No hearing, visual, or physical impairment
Longevity Living to more than 80 or 85 years old
Spirituality and transcendence Spirituality Feeling of inner peace, being thankful, being religious, accepting a superior power, having beliefs
Gerotranscendence Self-transcendence Rationality, self-recognition, decrease of self-orientation Ontology Feeling of being part of world, part of life cycle, change of viewpoint on the world
Ontology Feeling of being part of world, part of life cycle, change of viewpoint on the world
Acceptance of death Reduction of stress from death, change of viewpoint on death
Solitude Thinking about secret of life and relation with ancestors
Environment and economic security Appropriate context and environmental amenity Favorite living neighborhood Feeling of social security for walking in neighborhood, good accommodation with sufficient heat and light
Accommodation in the good zone of the city Nice weather, clean water, having sufficient garbage disposal system
living in a good environment with accessibility to healthcare system age-friendly city Near to hospital, proper transportation to healthcare system Absence of negative stereotype in society
Absence of negative stereotype in society Absence of negative image of elderly in media avoids marginalizing the social role of the elderly
Financial and economic security Satisfaction with financial resources, sufficient pension, or assets and having a home