Table 1.
Characteristics of Baseline Smokers With and Without Financial Straina
| Baseline characteristic | No financial strain (n=6,061) |
Financial strain (n=2,597) |
p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| N | Weighted % (95% CI) |
N | Weighted % (95% CI) |
||
| Age,b years | <0.001 | ||||
| 18–24 | 1,254 | 14 (13, 15) | 494 | 13 (11, 14) | |
| 25–34 | 1,314 | 24 (22, 25) | 649 | 27 (25, 28) | |
| 35–44 | 1,014 | 18 (16, 19) | 569 | 23 (21, 25) | |
| 45–54 | 1,104 | 19 (18, 20) | 527 | 22 (21, 24) | |
| ≥55 | 1,374 | 26 (24, 27) | 358 | 15 (14-17) | |
| Female sex | 2,847 | 43 (42, 45) | 1,404 | 50 (48, 52) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 4,231 | 73 (72, 74) | 1,528 | 63 (60, 65) | |
| Hispanic | 725 | 10 (9.5, 11) | 344 | 12 (11, 13) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 699 | 11 (10, 12) | 512 | 19 (17, 21) | |
| Non-Hispanic other | 406 | 6 (5, 6) | 213 | 6 (5, 8) | |
| Educationb | <0.001 | ||||
| Less than HS | 927 | 15 (14, 16) | 509 | 18 (17, 20) | |
| HS/GED | 2,197 | 39 (37, 40) | 921 | 39 (37, 41) | |
| Some college or more | 2,919 | 47 (45, 48) | 1,165 | 43 (41, 45) | |
| Employment statusb | <0.001 | ||||
| Employed | 3,799 | 64 (63, 66) | 1,509 | 60 (57, 62) | |
| Not in the labor force | 1,499 | 25 (23, 26) | 592 | 22 (21, 24) | |
| Unemployed | 731 | 11 (10, 12) | 481 | 18 (17, 20) | |
| Region | 0.3 | ||||
| Northeast | 876 | 17 (15, 19) | 379 | 18 (16, 20) | |
| Midwest | 1,711 | 25 (24, 27) | 715 | 24 (21, 27) | |
| South | 2,353 | 39 (37, 41) | 1,054 | 41 (38, 44) | |
| West | 1,121 | 18 (17, 20) | 449 | 17 (16, 19) | |
| Uninsuredb | 1,408 | 23 (22, 24) | 781 | 31 (29, 33) | <0.001 |
| Medical comorbidities | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 3,352 | 54 (52, 55) | 1,249 | 47 (45, 50) | |
| 1 | 1,391 | 23 (22, 25) | 669 | 26 (24, 29) | |
| ≥2 | 1,318 | 23 (21, 24) | 679 | 26 (24, 28) | |
| Federal poverty levelb | <0.001 | ||||
| <100% | 1,932 | 31 (30, 33) | 1,361 | 51 (49, 54) | |
| 100%–199% | 1,520 | 27 (26, 28) | 705 | 29 (27, 31) | |
| ≥200% | 2,126 | 42 (40, 44) | 432 | 20 (18, 22) | |
| Cigarettes per dayb | 5,929 | 13.4 (0.2) | 2,554 | 14.2 (0.3) | 0.01 |
| Current electronic cigarette use | 1,295 | 21 (19, 22) | 610 | 23 (21, 25) | 0.04 |
| Current other tobacco product useb | 1,820 | 30 (28, 31) | 859 | 33 (30, 35) | 0.02 |
| Time to first cigarette ≤30 minutesb | 3,516 | 59 (57, 60) | 1,697 | 67 (64, 69) | <0.001 |
| Smoking ban in the homeb | 3,320 | 56 (54, 58) | 1,150 | 45 (42, 48) | <0.001 |
| Perceived harm of cigarettesb,c | 6,050 | 4.0 (0.01) | 2,596 | 4.2 (0.02) | <0.001 |
| Self-perceived mental healthb,d | 6,057 | 3.4 (0.02) | 2,593 | 3.0 (0.03) | <0.001 |
| Past-year drug useb | 2,101 | 34 (33, 35) | 1,304 | 49 (47, 52) | <0.001 |
| Alcoholic drinks per dayb | 5,955 | 0.9 (0.03) | 2,553 | 0.8 (0.05) | 0.7 |
Notes: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05). All Ns are unweighted; all percentages and 95% CIs are population weighted.
Excludes 626 current smokers with missing data on financial strain.
Data missing for covariates were as follows: 1 for age, 20 for education, 47 for employment, 44 for insurance, 582 for poverty level, 175 for cigarettes per day, 14 for electronic cigarette use, 333 for other tobacco product use, 23 for smoking ban in the home, 12 for perceived harm of cigarettes, 8 for self-perceived mental health, 242 for drug use, and 150 for alcohol use.
5-point scale from not at all harmful (1) to extremely harmful (5).
5-point scale from poor (1) to excellent (5).
HS, high school; GED, General Education Development test.