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. 2018 Jun 22;8:9507. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27766-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Localization of PG and TF in a representative sample of gingival and subgingival tissue affected by chronic periodontitis. The largest photo shows a low-power view (original magnification, ×100) of the sample immunostained with the anti-TF antibody, representing superficially-located bacterial aggregates or plaques (a), bacterial tissue invasion through the disrupted epithelial layer (indicated by the arrow), a cluster of squamous cells with bacteria in the epidermal layer (b), a bacterium in a capillary wall of granulation tissue (c), and scattered bacterial cells in the area of heavy inflammatory cell infiltration (d). The small photos show high-power views (original magnification, ×1000) of the boxed areas indicated by (a,b,c and d), including of the photos (a’ and d’) taken from the adjacent sections immunostained with the anti-PG antibody, each corresponding to the area indicated by a and d, respectively. The arrow in photo (c) shows a single TF cell located in a capillary wall.