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. 2018 Jun 22;8:9500. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27805-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mean change of B mtDNA haplogroup frequency per thermal environment. Plots depict change in frequencies (final generation -initial generation) in constant 25 °C, fluctuating warm, constant 19 °C, and fluctuating cold environments for female descendants of flies treated by antibiotics (ATB; 7 replicates) and untreated (UTR; 8 replicates; in which Wolbachia and associated maternally transmitted microbiomes present). The error-bars are estimated as $\hat{σ} / \sqrt{N}$ where $\hat{σ}$ is the sample standard deviation and N the number of samples.