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. 2018 Jun 22;8:9568. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27907-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of GAL-1 treatment on HK-2 cell viability under hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR). Control cells, HR, HR treated with DEXA 1 mM/mL, GAL-1 4 mg/mL or GAL-1 + β-Galactose 100 mM/mL, 30 min before HR. Histogram showing lower cellular viability at 4, 8, 16 or 24 h after HR, compared to the control. The cellular viability did not differ among control and treated cells at the different times studied. Data are shown as the mean ± SD of three experiments. ***p < 0.001, vs all groups, one-way ANOVA test, N = 3/group.