Table 1.
Patient demographics and clinical, microbiological and radiological findings
| Non-Aspergillus group (n = 115) | Putative IPA (n = 10) | Aspergillus colonisation (n = 9) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years [median, (range)] | 45.4 (16.4–73.4) | 51.2 (23.9–64.6) | 35.3 (17.8–46.8) |
| Male [n (%)] | 60 (52) | 8 (80) | 5 (63) |
| Time ventilated before vv-ECMO, days [median, (range)] | 3 (1–22) | 1 (1–7) | 1 (1–6) |
| Duration of vv-ECMO support, days [median, (range)] | 13 (1–57) | 26 (7–45) | 10 (4–29) |
| Underlying conditions [n (%)] | |||
| COPD | 7 (6) | 1 (10) | 1 (13) |
| Asthma | 13 (11) | 1 (10) | 4 (50) |
| Diabetes | 7 (6) | 1 (10) | 0 |
| Solid tumour | 2 (2) | 1 (10) | 0 |
| HIV | 0 | 1 (10) | 0 |
| Active TB | 0 | 1 (10) | 0 |
| Autoimmune disease | 3 (3) | 1 (10) | 0 |
| Solid organ transplant | 1 (< 1) | 1 (10) | 0 |
| Current pregnancy | 1 (< 1) | 0 | 0 |
| Smoking | 15 (13) | 0 | 2 (25) |
| Heavy alcohol consumption | 10 (9) | 0 | 1 (13) |
| IVDU | 3 (3) | 0 | 0 |
| Immunosuppressiona | 15 (13) | 5 (50) | 1 (11) |
| Others | 37 (32) | 2 (20) | 1 (11) |
| EORTC host factors [n (%)] | 4 (40) | 0 | |
| Prolonged steroid therapy | 3 (30) | 0 | |
| Chemotherapy | 1 (10) | 0 | |
| Indication for ECMO [n (%)] | |||
| Bacterial pneumonia | 68 (59) | 5 (50) | 1 (11) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 22 (19) | 1 (10) | 0 |
| Viral pneumonia | 31 (27) | 5 (50) | 4 (44%) |
| Influenza A | 18 (16) | 5 (50) | 1 (13) |
| Asthma | 7 (6) | 1 (10) | 2 (22) |
| Burns | 5 (4) | 0 | 0 |
| Eosinophilic pneumonia | 4 (4) | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 0 | 0 | 2 (22) |
| Isolated species [n (%)] | |||
| Aspergillus fumigatus | 0 | 10 (100) | 9 (100) |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| BAL GM, OD index > 0.5 [n (%)] | 21/53 (39) | 6/8 (75) | 4/8 (50) |
| BAL GM, OD index [median, (range)] | 0.34 (0.03–9.30) | 7.4 (0.53–10.08) | 0.54 (0.04–9.44) |
| Abnormal radiological findings | |||
| Non-specific chest CT scan findings [n (%)] | 106 (92) | 6 (60) | 8 (100) |
| “Suggestive” chest CT scan findings of IPA [n (%)] | 9 (8) | 4 (40) | 0 |
Data are numbers or proportion (%)
IPA invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, TB tuberculosis, IVDU intravenous drug user, EORTC European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, BAL broncho-alveolar lavage, GM galactomannan, OD optical density, CT computed tomography
aIncludes patients who are neutropenic or receiving corticosteroids or chemotherapy