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. 2001 Oct;12(10):3016–3030. doi: 10.1091/mbc.12.10.3016

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Dictyostelium cell death shows most of the features of apoptosis. Cell death, induced with exocytotic vesicles purified from supernatant from a suspension of starved Dictyostelium cells, was monitored by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. (a) Decreased Dictyostelium cell size and increased autophagic vacuolization during induced cell death. N, nucleus; Nu, nucleolus; M, mitochondria. (b) Details of dying cells at 46 h. Mitochondria (M) in the cytoplasm and an autophagic vacuole (V) containing damaged mitochondria (DM). Typical nucleus of dying Dictyostelium cells (DN, damaged nucleolus). (c) Time course of Dictyostelium cell death. Dying Dictyostelium cells released pseudoapoptotic bodies and became smaller. (d) Dying Dictyostelium cells and pseudoapoptotic bodies engulfed by neighboring cells (left). Autophagic dying cell (right). DV, digestive vacuole. (e) Appearance of mitochondria during Dictyostelium cell death. Outer (OM) and inner (IM) mitochondrial membranes are visible on mitochondria in control cells. Dying Dictyostelium cells (46 h) may contain mitochondria with a disrupted outer membrane (DOM) and condensed matrix (CM).