Table 1.

Characteristics of the subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the controls: the Tehran lipid and glucose study

	Control without MetS	Case with MetS	P
Baseline age (years)	36.8±11	37.3±11	0.46
Men (n=653)	36.3±11	36.2±11	0.8
Women (n=643)	37.0±11	38.1±11	0.4
Current smokers (%)	46	38	0.02
Low physical activity (%)	37	40	0.25
Education level ≥14 years (%)	22.4	17.4	0.04
Baseline BMI (kg/m2)	24.1±4	26.0±3	<0.001
Obesity (%)†	59.6±7	72.3±16	<0.001
Baseline WC (cm)	79.0±12	85.3±11	<0.001
Abdominal obesity (%)†	54(7)	66(15)	<0.001
Baseline systolic BP (mmHg)	110±12	115±13	<0.001
Baseline diastolic BP (mmHg)	73.0±8	76.2±8	<0.001
Elevated BP (%)†	98(11)	77(17)	0.005
Baseline HDL-C (mmol/l)	45.3±11	40.2±9	<0.001
Low HDL-C (%)†	474(56)	313(71)	<0.001
Baseline TG (mmol/l)	126±71	153±94	<0.001
High TG (%)†	228(27)	161(36)	<0.001
Baseline FBG (mmol/l)	86.4±10	90.2±10	<0.001
High FBG (%)†	41(5)	37(8)	0.01
Energy intake (kcal/d)	2837±1117	2848±1204	0.87
Carbohydrate (% of energy)	59.6±13	59.5±13	0.85
Protein (% of energy)	15.3±14	14.2±2	0.39
Total fat (% of energy)	31.8±32	29.2±5	0.27
PUFA	23.7±10	18.2±9	0.25
MUFA	11.3±4	9.8±2	0.33
Trans-fatty acids	1.4±1	1.4±2	0.31
Cholesterol	234±125	226±114	0.27
Omega3 fatty acids	4.8±98	0.51±0.83	0.33
Dietary energy density (kcal/g)	0.96±0.20	0.95±0.18	0.25

WC, waist circumference; BP, blood pressure; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol; TG, Triglycerides; FBG, fasting blood glucose; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acids; MUFA, Monounsaturated fatty acids; * Mean value was significantly different from that of the control group (P<0.05)