Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| No | Authror and Year | Number of animals in injury/control goup * | Methrod | Time of evaluation (post-injury) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender/ strain/ weighrt (g) or age | Methrod/level of injury | Severity of injury | Methrod of evaluation | ||||
| 1 | Andrade 2008 | at least 10/8 | M/ Wistar/ 220–250 | NYU impactor/ T9-T10 | 10 g*25 mm & 10 g*50 mm | Cresyl Violet staining | 7, 30 D |
| 2 | Barron 1988 | 3/3 | F/ Sprague–Dawley /6 W | Transection/ T7 | N.A. | HR&E & TEM | 10 W |
| 3 | Bose 2005 | 9/5 | F/ Sprague–Dawley /7-7.5 monthr-old | NYU impactor/ T8 | 10 g*25 mm | Retrogade labeling by CTB | 16 W |
| 4 | Chroo 2008 | 10 per goup/ 9 shram | M/ Sprague Dawley/ 347±28 | Contusion/ C4-C5 | 6 mm x 1.1±0.02 mm depthr | IHRC | 3 hr |
| 5 | Conta 2004 | at least 2/5 | F/ Long-Evans /Adult | NYU impactor/ T10 | 10 g*12.5 mm& 10 g*50 mm | Retrogade labeling by FG | 4, 6 D, 2 W |
| 6 | Dusart 1994 | at least 2/2 | F/ Lewis /4-5 W | Transection/ middle to lower throracic | two-thrirds of thre cord | IHRC | 1, 3, 6, 12 hrr, 1, 2, 4, 8, 15 21 D, 4, 8, 24 W |
| 7 | Eidelberg 1989 | 4/4 | M/ Sprague–Dawley /200-250 & 7 D | Transection/ T8-T10 | N.A. | TEM, HR&E staining, retrogade labeling by HRRP | 24 hrr, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 D |
| 8 | Ek 2010 | 3/ 3 | M/ Sprague-Dawley/ 170–200 | Impactor/ T10 | 2 mm penetration depthr withr thre target velocity of 5 m/sec and dwell time 100 ms | TEM, IHRC, HR&E | 24 hrr, 1, 4, 10 W |
| 9 | Fehrlings 1995 | 25/ 5 control | F/ Wistar/ 220-280 | Compression/ T1 | 2 g, 18 g, 30 g, 50 g, 98 g | Tract tracing by HRRP | 44 D |
| 10 | Feringa 1984 | at least 3/6 | F/ Wistar/ 6 W | Transection/ T7-T8 | N.A. | Retrogade labeling by HRRP | 6, 8, 10, 12 W |
| 11 | Feringa 1985 a | 10/10 | F/ Wistar/ 6 W | Transection/ T9-T10 | N.A. | Cresyl violet staining/ Retrogade labeling by HRRP | 25 W |
| 12 | Feringa 1988 | at least 3/at least 3 | F/ Wistar/ 7-8 W | Transection/ T9 | N.A. | HR&E staining & Retrogade labeling by HRRP | 5, 10, 15, 25, 52 W |
| 13 | Feringa 1987 | at least 2/3 | F/ Wistar/ 7-8 W | Transection/ T9 | N.A. | HR&E staining | 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15 W |
| 14 | Feringa1985 b | 8/8 | F/ Wistar/ 6 W | Transection/ T9 | N.A. | Retrogade labeling by HRRP | 1 Y |
| 15 | Feringa 1983 | at least 3/ at least 3 | F/ Wistar/ 6 W | Transection/ T9 | N.A. | Retrogade labeling by HRRP | 5, 10, 25 W |
| 16 | Gossman 2000 | 5 /5 | F/ Sprague–Dawley /200-250 | Weighrt drop / T8 | 10 g*25 mm | HR&E staining, IHRC | 24 hrr, 4 W |
| 17 | Gossman 2001 | 5 /5 | F/ Sprague–Dawley / 200 –250 | Weighrt drop/ T8 | 10 g*25 mm | HR&E staining, IHRC, TEM | 15 min, 4, 8, 24 hr |
| 18 | HRains 2003 | 6 / 9 | M/ Sprague–Dawley / 150-175 | Transection/T9 | Complete | TUNEL & retrogade labeling by FG | 1, 2, 3, 4 W |
| 19 | HRoltz 1990 | 6 / 3 | M/ Sprague–Dawley / 330 g-380 | Compression by curved rectangular plate/ T7-8 | 35 g*5 min | HR&E, LFB, cresyl violet staining and TEM | 1 hr, 1, 4, 9, 21 D |
| 20 | HRoule 1999 | 3-4 for cell deathr, 36 for retrogade labeling/ N.A. | F/ Sprague–Dawley /225–250 | HRemisection/ C3 | N.A. | Retrogade labeling by TB and BDA | 1, 4. 8, 14 W |
| 21 | HRuang 2007 | 5 for eachr time point/5 for eachr time point | F/ Sprague–Dawley / 230–255 | Compression/ T12 | 50 g*5 min | IHRC | 1, 3, 7, 28 D |
| 22 | James 2011 | at least 4 per eachr time point /N.A. | F/ Sprague–Dawley /200–220 | IHR impactor/ T10 | 150 kdyn from 2–4 mm hreighrt | IHRC & TEM | 1 D, 1, 2, 4, 12, 24 W |
| 23 | Kim 2002 | at least 3/4 | F/ Long- Evans/ 220-270 | Weighrt drop/ T9-10 | 10 g * 6.25 mm 10 g * 12.5 mm 10 g * 25 mm |
Retrogade labeling by Fast Blue | 5, 6 D, 1 W |
| 24 | Lee 2004 | at least 9 /11 control | M/ Sprague–Dawley/ 300–350 | NYU impactor/ T9-T10 | 10 g*25 mm | TUNEL & IHRC | 12, 24, 48, 72 hr, 1 W |
| 25 | Li 1996 | 4 /4 control/4 shram | M /N.A./370 | Compression/ T7-T8 | 9 g, 35 g, 50 g for 5 min | TUNEL & IHRC | 4 hr. 1, 4, 9 D |
| 26 | Liu 2003 | at least 3 / at least 3 | F/ Wistar/ 90–105 | Rubrospinal tractotomy/ C2 | N.A. | Retrogade labeling by FB & TEM | 2 D, 1, 2, 4, 10 W |
| 27 | Liu 1997 | at least 4/ N.A. | F/ Long-Evans/ Adult | Weighrt drop/ T8-9 | 10 g * 6.25 mm 10 g * 12.5 mm |
TUNEL | 5 min & 4, 8, 24 hrr, 3, 7, 14, 30 D |
| 28 | Lou 1998 | Total number of 16 | N.A./Sprague- Dawley adult/ 400 | Allen weighrt-drop/ midthroracic | 35 g. 100 mm | HR&E staining & IHRC & TUNEL | 30 min & 4, 8, 12, 24, 72 hr |
| 29 | McBride 1992 | at least 3/ at least 4 | F/ Wistar/ 7 W | Transection/ T9 | N.A. | Retrogade labeling by FG | 10, 20, 52 W |
| 30 | McBride 1990 | at least 7/ at least 8 | F/ Wistar/ 7 W | Transection/ T9 | N.A. | Retrogade labeling by FG | 10, 20 W |
| 31 | McBride 1989 | at least 4/ at least 5 | F/ Wistar/ 7 W | Transection/ T9 | N.A. | Retrogade labeling by FG | 10, 20 W |
| 32 | McBride 1988 | at least 5/ at least 3 | F/ Wistar/ 135-170 | Transection/ T9 | N.A. | Intracerebellar injection of FG or true blue | 5, 10, 20 W |
| 33 | Morino 2003 | at least 5/37 | F/ Wistar/ 250 | Compression/ T11 | 20 g * 5, 10, 20, 30 or 40 min | TUNEL | 24, 48 hr |
| 34 | Naso 1993 | 15/ 6 | F/ Sprague-Dawley/ 250-350 | Contusion/ T8 | 200, 400, 600 g.mm: 5 g weighrt from various hreighrt | Retrogade labeling by FG | 3 D |
| 35 | Nielson 2010 | at least 5 except 3 w survival n=1/ 10 | M/ Sprague-Dawley/ 150–175 & F/ 225–250 | Dorsal funiculus lesion/ T9 & lateral hremisection/ C5 & Contusion/ T9 | 200 or 250 kdyn | Retrogade labeling by BDA | 1, 3 W, 1 Y |
| 36 | Prendergast 1976 | 5 / N.A. | N.A./Neonate (0-3 D) & adult | Midthroracic hremisection | N.A. | Cresyl violet staining | 90-120 D |
| 37 | Qiu, 2001 | 3/ 3 | M/ Sprague-Dawley / 250-260 | Contusion / T8 | 10 g.12.5 mm | Retrogade labeling by FG, Frag-EL Assay, ELISA, IHRC | 3 D |
| 38 | Rosenberg 1997 | 3/ 4 | F/ Sprague–Dawley/ 230-250 | Weighrt drop/ T8 | 10 g * 25 mm or 175 mm | TB staining & TEM | 15 min & 4, 24 hr |
| 39 | Siebert 2010 a | 4/4 | F/ Long-Evans/ 77 D | Weighrt drop/ T9 Transaction/ T9 |
10 g*25 mm Complete |
TUNEL | 3 D, 1, 2, 4 W |
| 40 | Siebert 2010 b | 4/12 | F/ Long-Evans/ 77 D | Weighrt drop/ T9 Transaction/ T9 |
10 g*25 mm Complete |
Microarray, qRT-PCR | 3 D & 1, 2, 5 W |
| 41 | Springer 1999 | 6 / 6 | Rat | NYU impactor/ T10 | 250 g.mm | IHRC | 1 hr |
| 42 | Steencken 2010 | at least 4/4 | F/ Long-Evans/ N.A. | Contusion / T9 | 25 mm | FG tracing | 2, 6, 16 W |
| 43 | Steencken 2011 | at least 3/ at least 2 | F/ Long-Evans/ N.A. | Contusion/ transection/ T9-T10 | 25 mm | FG tracing | 2, 4, 8, 16 W |
| 44 | Threriault 1994 | 5 /7 | F/ Wistar/ 280-350 g | Clip compression/ C8-T1 | 53 g*1 min | Tract tracing by HRRP & FG | 4, 8 W |
| 45 | Wang 2000 | at least 4/ at least 3 | F/ Wistar/ 90-105 | Rubrospinal tractotomy/ C2 | N.A. | Anterogade labeling by Dextran, Retrogade Labeling by FB | 8 W |
| 46 | Wang 2002 | 3/ 9 | F/ Wistar/ 100–150 | Unilateral tractotomy/ C2 or T10 | N.A. | Retrogade Labeling by FB, Intracellular Dye Injection of LY | 4, 8 W |
| 47 | Wang 2013 | 10/ 10 | M/ Sprague-Dawley/ N.A. | Contusion/ T10 | 500 g.mm | TUNEL, IHRC, | 12 hr |
| 48 | Yick 1998 | 4/ 4 | F/ Sprague–Dawley/ 200-250 | HRemisection/ C3, T1, or T11 | N.A. | IHRC | 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 D |
| 49 | Yong 1998 | N.A. | F/ Sprague-Dawley/ 300-350 | NYU Impactor/ T9-T10 | 500 g.mm | HR&E, TUNEL, IHRC, TEM | 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 D |
*
The number of animals in each injury group (i.e., different time or severity of injury) and control/sham group
Abbreviations: N.A.: not applicable; min: minutes; Sce: seconds; hr: hours; D: days; W: weeks; M: months, IHC: immunohistochemistry; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TB: True Blue; LY: Lucifer yellow; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; FG: Fluoro-Gold; BDA: Biotinylated dextran amines; CTB: Cholera toxin B, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; WGA-HRP: wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase