Table 1.
Characteristics at the Time of the Index Date
| Characteristic | AF Cases (N=105) | Controls (N=105) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Demographics | |||
| Age at index date (y), mean (SD) | 56.56 (8.01) | 56.36 (7.71) | 0.86 |
| Years between first pregnancy and index date, mean (SD) | 32.11 (8.11) | 31.40 (7.59) | 0.51 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.50 | ||
| White | 103 (98.1%) | 105 (100.0%) | |
| Nonwhite | 2 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Highest level of education, n (%) | 0.13 | ||
| Less than high school graduate | 4 (3.8%) | 3 (2.9%) | |
| High school graduate or GED/adult diploma | 35 (33.3%) | 25 (23.89%) | |
| Some college | 36 (34.3%) | 40 (38.1%) | |
| College graduate or more | 27 (25.7%) | 34 (32.4%) | |
| Unknown | 3 (2.9%) | 3 (2.9%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 62 (59.0%) | 42 (40.0%) | 0.006 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 13 (12.4%) | 3 (2.9%) | 0.009 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 70 (66.7%) | 54 (51.4%) | 0.03 |
| Ever smoked, n (%) | 54 (51.4%) | 47 (44.8%) | 0.33 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 0.057 | ||
| No use | 26 (24.8%) | 28 (26.7%) | |
| Light or moderate use | 71 (67.6%) | 76 (72.4%) | |
| Heavy use | 8 (7.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | |
| Thyroid disease, n (%) | 24 (22.9%) | 10 (9.5%) | 0.009 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea, n (%) | 10 (9.5%) | 7 (6.7%) | 0.45 |
| Composite lung disease, n (%) | 12 (11.4%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0.002 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 14 (13.3%) | 3 (2.9%) | 0.005 |
| Family history of AF, n (%) | 14 (13.3%) | 4 (3.8%) | 0.014 |
| Cardiovascular conditions | |||
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 19 (18.1%) | 2 (1.9%) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 2 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.50 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 8 (7.6%) | 3 (2.9%) | 0.21 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 22 (21.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | … |
| Rheumatic or other valvular disease, n (%) | 11 (10.5%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0.003 |
| Other structural heart disease, n (%) | 8 (7.6%) | 2 (1.9%) | 0.052 |
Index date for cases and controls is defined as the time of atrial fibrillation diagnosis in cases. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; GED, General Equivalency Diploma.
a
P values derived from equal‐variance t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous measures and χ2 and Fisher exact test for categorical measures.