Table 10.
Prospective Associations of Smoking Exposure (Urine Cotinine/Urine Creatinine Ratio) With Development of Cardiovascular Disease
| Smoking Exposure, ng/mmol per L | Events/Total | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Tertile 1 | 159/2785 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Tertile 2 | 16/320 | 0.96 (0.57–1.61) | 0.880 | 0.97 (0.58–1.62) | 0.907 | 0.96 (0.57–1.61) | 0.871 | 0.93 (0.55–1.55) | 0.771 |
| Tertile 3 | 118/1552 | 1.72 (1.35–2.19) | <0.001 | 1.67 (1.31–2.13) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.34–2.19) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.27–2.09) | <0.001 |
Model 1: Age and sex. Model 2: Model 1 plus history of diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Model 3: Model 2 plus body mass index, alcohol consumption, glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (as calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration combined creatinine–cystatin C equation). Model 4: Model 3 plus loge high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. CI indicates confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.