Table 2.
Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Factors Associated With CIN
| Variable | Univariate Logistic Regression | Multivariate Logistic Regressiona | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P Value | OR | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Age, y | 1.04 | 1.00–1.08 | 0.042 | |||
| Sex (male) | 0.67 | 0.28–1.60 | 0.368 | |||
| Mehran risk score | 1.16 | 1.06–1.28 | 0.002 | |||
| Smoking | 0.91 | 0.38–2.19 | 0.828 | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 1.02 | 0.93–1.12 | 0.682 | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.513 | |||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 0.98 | 0.94–1.01 | 0.191 | |||
| Medical history | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1.54 | 0.56–4.24 | 0.408 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 3.39 | 1.43–8.04 | 0.006 | |||
| Heart failure | 2.07 | 0.82–5.23 | 0.124 | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.77 | 0.28–2.14 | 0.618 | |||
| Medications | ||||||
| ACEi or ARB | 3.82 | 1.63–8.96 | 0.002 | 3.41 | 1.36–8.56 | 0.009 |
| Diuretics | 2.98 | 1.11–8.00 | 0.030 | |||
| Statin | 1.79 | 0.75–4.26 | 0.190 | |||
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 0.50 | 0.38–0.66 | <0.001 | 0.55 | 0.41–0.73 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.281 | |||
| eGFRb | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.204 | |||
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 0.96 | 0.75–1.23 | 0.761 | |||
| Proteinuria | 4.97 | 2.11–11.74 | <0.001 | 2.65 | 1.04–6.76 | 0.041 |
| Corinb | 0.54 | 0.19–1.57 | 0.260 | |||
| Contrast volume, mL | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.731 | |||
ACEi indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CIN, contrast‐induced nephropathy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; OR, odds ratio.
a
The model consists of age, sex, and variables with P<0.05 in univariate comparison, including Mehran risk score, medical history of diabetes mellitus, medications with ACEi or ARB, diuretics, levels of hemoglobin, and presence of proteinuria.
b
Log transformation was performed before analysis.