Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients in the Derivation and Validation Cohort
| Derivation Cohort (n=4778) | Validation Cohort (n=4669) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age, y | 68.1±10.3 | 69.0±9.8 | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥75 y | 1389 (29) | 1474 (32) | 0.008 |
| Male | 3447 (72) | 3622 (78) | <0.0001 |
| BMI | 23.8±3.4 | 24.2±3.6 | <0.0001 |
| BMI <25.0 | 3083/4693 (66) | 2903/4638 (63) | 0.002 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 733 (15) | 251 (5.4) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 3965 (83) | 3770 (81) | 0.005 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1952 (41) | 2136 (46) | <0.0001 |
| On insulin therapy | 499 (10) | 493 (11) | 0.86 |
| Current smoking | 1322 (28) | 900 (19) | <0.0001 |
| Heart failure | 772 (16) | 567 (12) | <0.0001 |
| Multivessel disease | 2762 (58) | 2322 (50) | <0.0001 |
| Prior MI | 641 (13) | 1329 (28) | <0.0001 |
| Prior stroke | 526 (11) | 502 (11) | 0.69 |
| PVD | 371 (7.8) | 465 (10) | 0.0002 |
| Moderate CKD | 1494/4728 (32) | 1546/4644 (33) | 0.08 |
| Severe CKD | 374/4728 (7.9) | 371/4644 (8.0) | 0.89 |
| eGFR <30, not on dialysis | 167/4728 (3.5) | 106/4644 (2.3) | 0.0003 |
| Dialysis | 207 (4.3) | 265 (5.7) | 0.003 |
| AF | 368 (7.7) | 309 (6.6) | 0.04 |
| Anemia (Hb <11 g/dL) | 517/4724 (11) | 558/4656 (12) | 0.11 |
| Platelet count <100 000/μL | 63/4750 (1.3) | 77/4653 (1.7) | 0.19 |
| Cirrhosis | 108 (2.3) | 36 (0.8) | <0.0001 |
| Malignancy | 408 (8.5) | 330 (7.1) | 0.008 |
| Procedural characteristics | |||
| Number of target lesions | 1.46±0.73 | 1.25±0.52 | <0.0001 |
| Target of LAD | 3089 (65) | 2268 (49) | <0.0001 |
| Target of unprotected LMCA | 149 (3.1) | 128 (2.7) | 0.28 |
| Target of CTO | 633 (13) | 347 (7.4) | <0.0001 |
| Target of bifurcation | 1849 (39) | 1087 (23) | <0.0001 |
| Side‐branch stenting | 220 (4.6) | 63 (1.4) | <0.0001 |
| Total number of stents | 1.87±1.18 | 1.55±0.81 | <0.0001 |
| Total stent length, mm | 41.7±29.3 | 32.0±19.9 | <0.0001 |
| Total stent length ≥36 mm | 2277 (48) | 1555 (33) | <0.0001 |
| Minimum stent size, mm | 2.83±0.37 | 2.9±0.39 | <0.0001 |
| Minimum stent size <3.0 mm | 2375 (50) | 2212 (47) | 0.02 |
| Baseline medication | |||
| Medication at hospital discharge | |||
| Antiplatelet therapy | |||
| Thienopyridine | 4765 (99.7) | 4646 (99.5) | 0.08 |
| Ticlopidine | 4240 (89) | 631 (14) | <0.0001 |
| Clopidogrel | 517 (11) | 3981 (86) | <0.0001 |
| Aspirin | 4714 (98.7) | 4655 (99.7) | <0.0001 |
| Cilostazole | 711 (15) | 279 (6.0) | <0.0001 |
| Other medications | |||
| Statins | 2616 (55) | 3569 (76) | <0.0001 |
| Beta‐blockers | 1349 (28) | 1742 (37) | <0.0001 |
| ACE‐I/ARB | 2639 (55) | 2877 (62) | <0.0001 |
| Nitrates | 1776 (37) | 1198 (26) | <0.0001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 2263 (47) | 2080 (45) | 0.006 |
| Warfarin | 389 (8.1) | 354 (7.6) | 0.31 |
Values are expressed as mean±SD or number (%). Patients with moderate CKD had eGFR ≥30 and <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and those with severe CKD were on dialysis or had eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2. ACE‐I indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTO, chronic total occlusion; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb, hemoglobin; LAD, left anterior descending coronary artery; LMCA, left main coronary artery; MI, myocardial infarction; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.