Table 1.
Age‐Standardized and Age‐Specific Characteristics of the US Population aged ≥20, by NHANES Cycle
| 1999–2000 | 2001–2002 | 2003–2004 | 2005–2006 | 2007–2008 | 2009–2010 | 2011–2012 | 2013–2014 | 2015–2016 | P‐Linear Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 3460 | 3934 | 3282 | 3587 | 4618 | 5153 | 4496 | 4925 | 4821 | |
| Age, % | ||||||||||
| 20 to 39 y | 44.0 | 41.0 | 38.8 | 38.0 | 37.5 | 37.0 | 36.3 | 36.2 | 36.2 | <0.001 |
| 40 to 59 y | 34.3 | 38.6 | 38.5 | 39.0 | 38.8 | 38.2 | 37.9 | 36.9 | 35.9 | 0.92 |
| ≥60 y | 21.7 | 20.4 | 22.7 | 23.0 | 23.7 | 24.7 | 25.8 | 26.8 | 28.0 | <0.001 |
| Women, % | 52.5 | 52.5 | 52.2 | 52.0 | 51.9 | 51.8 | 52.0 | 51.9 | 51.8 | 0.002 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||||||||
| Non‐Hispanic white | 71.1 | 72.3 | 72.5 | 72.2 | 69.6 | 68.0 | 66.3 | 65.6 | 63.5 | 0.001 |
| Non‐Hispanic black | 10.6 | 10.7 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.4 | 0.001 |
| Mexican American | 6.0 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 7.8 | 9.2 | 9.0 | <0.001 |
| High‐school education or higher, %a | 76.2 | 81.4 | 82.2 | 82.7 | 80.1 | 81.3 | 83.9 | 85.0 | 86.3 | 0.02 |
| Current cigarette smoke, % | 23.5 | 23.8 | 24.9 | 23.5 | 22.5 | 20.1 | 19.3 | 19.6 | 18.6 | <0.001 |
| BMIa, kg/m2 | 28.1 (0.2) | 28.0 (0.2) | 28.2 (0.2) | 28.4 (0.2) | 28.4 (0.2) | 28.7 (0.1) | 28.7 (0.2) | 29.1 (0.2) | 29.4 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication among full population, % | 18.0 | 18.4 | 21.2 | 21.6 | 22.8 | 23.3 | 23.1 | 23.9 | 22.3 | 0.007 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 205.2 (1.2) | 203.0 (1.4) | 202.5 (0.7) | 198.9 (0.6) | 197.5 (0.9) | 196.1 (1.1) | 195.5 (1.0) | 190.1 (0.7) | 192.8 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 50.7 (0.7) | 52.0 (0.3) | 54.2 (0.4) | 54.8 (0.4) | 52.1 (0.6) | 53.4 (0.5) | 53.0 (0.5) | 53.3 (0.3) | 55.4 (0.7) | 0.33 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 8.1 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 11.2 | 11.8 | <0.001 |
| CKD, % | 14.0 | 14.4 | 13.9 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 12.8 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 13.5 | 0.46 |
| CVD, % | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 0.09 |
| ≥10% 10‐y CVD risk, %b | 20.5 | 20.8 | 19.7 | 19.4 | 19.6 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 19.2 | 19.4 | 0.02 |
Population characteristics presented as percentage or mean (standard error). Age‐standardized to 2010 US Census: ages 20 to 39, 40 to 59, ≥60 years; weights of 0.3673, 0.3795, 0.2532, respectively. BMI indicates body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein.
Education status missing on 28 participants. BMI missing on 383 participants (weights reweighted for BMI, as described in text).
Among those without prior CVD, 10‐year predicted cardiovascular disease risk ≥10% using the Pooled Cohort Risk Equations.18 Age‐standardized based on the subpopulation of individuals free of CVD, as this is calculated only among those who have not previously had a CVD event (n=34 798). Age categories: 20 to 39, 40 to 59, ≥60 years; weights from NHANES 2009–2010 of 0.3947, 0.3904, 0.2149, respectively.