Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Participants According to the Presence of AF
| Characteristics | AF Absent | AF Present | All | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=142) | (n=75) | (N=217) | ||
| Age, mean±SD, y | 67.8±15.0 | 75.0±10.0 | 70.3±13.9 | <0.01 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 101 (71.1) | 54 (72) | 155 (71.4) | 0.89 |
| von Luschan skin color, median (IQR) | 24 (21–25) | 24 (20–25) | 24 (21–25) | 0.89 |
| BMI, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 24.7±5.0 | 24.4±3.7 | 24.6±4.6 | 0.71 |
| SBP, mean±SD, mm Hg | 132.3±21.0 | 132.9±21.8 | 132.5±21.2 | 0.83 |
| DBP, mean±SD, mm Hg | 74.0±13.7 | 75.7±13.5 | 74.6±13.6 | 0.39 |
| Heart rate at rest, mean±SD, bpm | 67.9±11.6 | 80.9±17.2 | 72.4±15.1 | <0.001 |
| Light intensity, median (IQR), lux | 127 (99–199) | 159 (121–199) | 151 (99–199) | 0.14 |
| Stroke risk scores | ||||
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score, mean±SD | 3.1±1.9 | 4.5±2.0 | 3.6±2.1 | <0.01 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2, n (%) | 108 (76.1) | 70 (93.3) | 178 (82.0) | <0.01 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| History of AF | 46 (32.4) | 71 (94.7) | 117 (53.9) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 45 (31.7) | 31 (41.3) | 76 (35.0) | 0.16 |
| Vascular disease | 74 (52.1) | 36 (48.0) | 110 (50.7) | 0.56 |
| TIA or stroke | 16 (11.3) | 25 (33.3) | 41 (18.9) | <0.01 |
| Congestive heart failure | 27 (19.0) | 42 (56.0) | 69 (31.8) | <0.01 |
| Pacemaker | 4 (2.8) | 3 (4.0) | 7 (3.2) | 0.70 |
| Hypertension | 77 (54.2) | 53 (70.7) | 130 (59.9) | 0.02 |
| Antithrombotic treatment, n (%) | ||||
| None | 98 (69.0) | 13 (17.3) | 111 (51.2) | <0.01 |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 23 (16.2) | 36 (48.0) | 59 (27.2) | <0.01 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 23 (16.2) | 40 (53.3) | 63 (29.0) | <0.01 |
| Vitamin K antagonists | 12 (8.5) | 22 (29.3) | 34 (15.7) | <0.01 |
| New oral anticoagulants | 11 (7.7) | 18 (24.0) | 29 (13.4) | <0.01 |
| LAAO | 0 (0) | 10 (13.3) | 10 (4.6) | <0.01 |
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; IQR, interquartile range; LAAO, left atrial appendage occlusion; SBP, systolic blood pressure; and TIA, transient ischemic attack.