Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants at Baseline
| Characteristic | No Anxiety or Depression (n=21 447) | Diagnosed Anxiety Only (n=897) | Diagnosed Depression Only (n=2322) | Diagnosed Anxiety and Depression (n=904) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 72.3 (11.2) | 72.2 (11.5) | 72.3 (10.8) | 71.3 (11.5) | 0.051 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 8711 (40.6) | 554 (61.8) | 1296 (55.8) | 561 (62.1) | <0.001 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.005 | ||||
| White | 16 946 (79.0) | 727 (81.1) | 1930 (83.1) | 754 (83.4) | |
| Black | 988 (4.6) | 23 (2.6) | 90 (3.9) | 28 (3.1) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1556 (7.2) | 62 (6.9) | 86 (3.7) | 31 (3.4) | |
| Other | 441 (2.1) | 30 (5.2) | 70 (3.0) | 35 (3.9) | |
| Unknown | 1516 (7.1) | 55 (6.1) | 146 (6.3) | 56 (6.2) | |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||||
| Acute myocardial infarction | 1141 (5.3) | 47 (5.2) | 163 (7.0) | 68 (7.5) | 0.008 |
| Unstable angina | 771 (3.6) | 42 (4.7) | 104 (4.5) | 49 (5.4) | 0.008 |
| Coronary artery bypass surgery | 766 (3.6) | 20 (2.2) | 89 (3.8) | 28 (3.1) | 0.47 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 808 (3.8) | 29 (3.2) | 100 (4.3) | 46 (5.1) | 0.048 |
| Ischemic stroke | 1247 (5.8) | 50 (5.6) | 171 (7.4) | 65 (7.2) | 0.12 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 798 (3.7) | 37 (4.1) | 114 (4.9) | 44 (4.9) | 0.12 |
| Other arterial thromboembolic event | 188 (0.9) | 7 (0.8) | 30 (1.3) | 10 (1.1) | 0.55 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 123 (0.6) | 4 (0.5) | 24 (1.0) | 7 (0.8) | 0.54 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 467 (2.2) | 28 (3.1) | 77 (3.3) | 30 (3.3) | 0.052 |
| Other hospitalized bleed | 138 (0.6) | 8 (0.9) | 17 (0.7) | 9 (1.0) | 0.23 |
| Systemic cancer | 3209 (15.0) | 136 (15.2) | 397 (17.1) | 132 (14.6) | 0.64 |
| Chronic heart failure | 4896 (22.8) | 187 (20.9) | 632 (27.2) | 227 (25.1) | 0.17 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5408 (25.2) | 195 (21.7) | 741 (31.9) | 230 (25.4) | 0.85 |
| Diagnosed hypertension | 8050 (37.5) | 302 (33.7) | 757 (32.6) | 282 (31.2) | <0.001 |
| Diagnosed dementia | 651 (3.0) | 42 (4.7) | 234 (10.1) | 97 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 3877 (18.1) | 187 (20.9) | 533 (23.0) | 198 (21.9) | 0.014 |
| Chronic liver disease | 428 (2.0) | 24 (2.7) | 76 (3.3) | 32 (3.5) | 0.005 |
| Dyslipidemia | 7977 (37.2) | 324 (36.1) | 876 (37.7) | 332 (36.7) | 0.77 |
| Mechanical fall | 349 (1.6) | 16 (1.8) | 86 (3.7) | 37 (4.1) | <0.001 |
| Baseline eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2), n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| ≥60 | 13 104 (61.1) | 594 (66.2) | 1419 (61.1) | 602 (66.6) | |
| 30–59 | 6766 (31.5) | 260 (29.0) | 720 (31.0) | 259 (28.7) | |
| <30 or dialysis | 881 (4.1) | 25 (2.8) | 132 (5.7) | 31 (3.4) | |
| eGFR missing | 696 (3.3) | 18 (2.0) | 51 (2.2) | 12 (1.3) | |
| Medication history, n (%) | |||||
| Antidepressant medication | 2321 (10.8) | 245 (27.3) | 1442 (62.1) | 606 (67.0) | <0.001 |
| Antianxiety medication | 1550 (7.2) | 348 (38.8) | 361 (15.6) | 388 (42.9) | <0.001 |
eGFR indicates estimated glomerular filtration rate.