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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2018 Apr 3;40:67–73. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.03.013

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Overview of IA delivery platforms. IA injections deliver therapeutics to the joint space to treat joint disorders. The emerging trends focus is on IA delivery of disease-modifying therapeutics via: 1) sustained and controlled drug delivery platforms, 2) gene therapy using viral-mediated vectors or non-viral platforms, including nanoparticles or induced pluripotent stem cells, and 3) stem cell-based tissue-engineered products without or with scaffolds. HA-PEG = hyaluronic acid – poly(ethylene glycol).