Table 2.
Number of events, event rates, univariate and multivariate association between lifestyle risk factors and job-related conditions (LS&JRC) with the incidence of coronary heart disease or ischemic stroke events.
Brianza (Northern Italy), 1989–2008
| N | # events | Rate | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p valuea | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p valuea | ||||
| Current smoking | |||||||
| No | 1560 | 67 | 3.1 | REF | < .0001 | REF | < .0001 |
| Yes | 972 | 95 | 7.7 | 2.54 (1.86; 3.47) | 2.47 (1.80; 3.40) | ||
| Body mass index | |||||||
| ≤ 25 kg/m2 | 911 | 54 | 4.9 | REF | 1.0 | – | – |
| ≤ 30 kg/m2 | 1238 | 82 | 4.8 | 1.00 (0.71; 1.42) | – | ||
| > 30 kg/m2 | 383 | 26 | 4.8 | 1.02 (0.64; 1.63) | – | ||
| Daily alcohol intake | |||||||
| None | 835 | 53 | 5.4 | 1.40 (0.95; 2.06) | 0.12 | 1.53 (1.04; 2.26) | 0.10 |
| 1–3 drinks/day | 991 | 51 | 3.8 | REF | REF | ||
| 4–6 drinks/day | 480 | 33 | 4.8 | 1.23 (0.79; 1.92) | 1.27 (0.81; 1.98) | ||
| 6+ drinks/day | 226 | 25 | 7.2 | 1.77 (1.06; 2.93) | 1.67 (1.00; 2.77) | ||
| Combined occupational and sport PA | |||||||
| Low OPA, poor sport PA | 654 | 62 | 6.7 | REF | 0.01 | REF | 0.01 |
| Low OPA, intermediate/recommended sport PA | 379 | 12 | 2.5 | 0.36 (0.20; 0.68) | 0.41 (0.22; 0.76) | ||
| Intermediate OPA, poor sport PA | 510 | 28 | 4.0 | REF | REF | ||
| Intermediate OPA, intermediate/recommended sport PA | 245 | 8 | 3.3 | 0.86 (0.39; 1.90) | 1.00 (0.45; 2.23) | ||
| High OPA, poor sport PA | 578 | 40 | 5.1 | REF | REF | ||
| High OPA, intermediate/recommended sport PA | 166 | 12 | 6.6 | 1.29 (0.67; 2.46) | 1.56 (0.81; 2.98) | ||
| Job Strain | |||||||
| Low strain | 626 | 34 | 3.6 | REF | 0.05 | REF | 0.11 |
| Active | 363 | 24 | 5.0 | 1.48 (0.87; 2.51) | 1.43 (0.84; 2.43) | ||
| Passive | 922 | 59 | 4.7 | 1.38 (0.90; 2.12) | 1.28 (0.83; 1.96) | ||
| High strain | 621 | 45 | 6.2 | 1.91 (1.21; 3.03) | 1.75 (1.11; 2.78) | ||
Rate: age-adjusted event rate, per 1000 person-years, estimated at the sample mean age of 45. Model 1: Univariate Cox regression models, adjusted by age and study type (population- vs. factory-based cohort). Model 2: Cox regression model including all LS&JRC except body mass index, adjusted by age and study type (population- vs. factory-based cohort)
PA physical activity, CI confidence interval
aWald Chi-square test (df equal to the number of variable levels minus 1). Akaike information criterion p value: 0.157 for 1 df test (smoke); 0.135 for 2 df test (BMI); 0.112 for 3 df tests (alcohol, job strain), 0.075 for 5 df test (combined occupational and sport PA)