Figure 5.

SHP2 differentially regulates CSC function. In different cancer types, SHP2 plays distinct roles. For example, in HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers, SHP2 is closely associated with breast cancer initiation and propagation. In addition, SHP2 facilitates glioma stem cell proliferation and invasion. Interestingly, SHP2 could act either as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in primary liver cancer, that is, inhibition of SHP2 promotes C-Jun expression and promotes tumorigenesis, while in chemoresistant hepatocellular carcinomas, increased expression of SHP2 upregulates Wnt signals and facilitates EPCAM⁺ or CD133⁺ cancer stem cell expansion.