Table 2.

Connexin inhibitors link to the BBB permeability in vivo.

	Disease model	Interference	Main outcome	Reference
Spinal cord	SCI	Cx43-asODN	Reduce vascular permeability and invasion of neutrophils in spinal cord injury	[55]
BBB	Neuroinflammation	Gap27	Gap27 coadministered together with bradykinin reduced leakage of reporter dye from the vascular lumen into the tissue	[57]
BBB		Global Cx30 and astrocytic-specific Cx43 deletion	Systemic astrocyte endfeet swell and increased BBB permeability with the increase in vascular and shear stress	[61]
BBB		Global Cx30 deletion	Not affecting organization or permeability of BBB	[62]
BBB		Astrocytic-specific Cx43 deletion	Compromises the ability of the brain to maintain immune quiescence and recruitment of immune cells without BBB breakdown	[63–66]
Embryo		Cx43 deletion	Migration impairment of neurons through adhesive interaction with radial fibers	[69, 70]
Brain	AD	INI-1602 (microglia HC blocker)	Improve memory deficits	[114]

SCI: spinal cord injury; HCs: hemichannels; BBB: brain-blood barrier.