Experimental protocols for DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis experiments. (A) In acute-colitis studies, mice were subjected to one, 6-day DSS cycle. Mice were fed a normal or indirubin-supplemented diet, commencing 5 days before the start of the experiment and continuing until the end of the experiment. Mice were killed on day-6 (arrow). (B) For the study of chronic colitis, mice were subjected to three consecutive DSS cycles. Each cycle consisted of a DSS-administration period followed by a recovery period in which water was administrated. Mice were fed a normal or indirubin-supplemented diet commencing 5 days before the start of the experiment and continuing until the end of the third DSS cycle. All surviving mice were killed at the completion of the third DSS cycle (arrow). DSS, dextran sulfate sodium.